使用類型 作用域格式（如feat(auth): add login form validation），便于工具解析和快速理解變更內(nèi)容；2. 主題行用祈使語氣、50字符內(nèi)（如“add user registration endpoint”），保持一致性和可讀性；3. 若變更不直觀則添加正文（空行分隔），說明原因而非行為，提供上下文幫助后續(xù)維護；4. 避免常見錯誤：模糊描述、無換行分隔、過去時態(tài)、多個無關(guān)更改合并提交；5. 推薦用git commit -v邊看差異邊寫消息，提升準確性。這樣做能讓他人僅通過消息理解變更，團隊和未來自己都會受益。

Writing clear and effective Git commit messages isn’t just a nice-to-have—it’s essential for maintaining a clean, understandable project history. Whether you're working solo or on a team, good commit messages save time, reduce confusion, and make debugging easier.

Here’s a practical guide based on widely adopted conventions (like those from Conventional Commits) that actually work in real projects:

? Start with a Type Scope (Optional but Helpful)

Format:
<type>(<scope>): <subject></subject></scope></type>

Examples:

• feat(auth): add login form validation
• fix(api): handle null response in user profile
• docs(readme): update installation steps
• chore(deps): bump lodash to v4.17.21

Why it works:
This structure makes it easy to scan the commit log and understand what kind of change was made and where. Tools like semantic release or changelog generators rely on this format.

Common types:

• feat: A new feature
• fix: A bug fix
• docs: Documentation changes
• style: Code formatting (no logic change)
• refactor: Code restructuring (no new feature or bug fix)
• test: Adding or correcting tests
• chore: Maintenance tasks (e.g., updating dependencies)

? Write a Clear, Imperative Subject Line

Keep it under 50 characters and use the imperative mood—as if you’re giving a command:

• ? “add user registration endpoint”
• ? “added user registration endpoint”
• ? “adding user registration endpoint”

Think:
“What will this commit do if applied?”
Answer: “Add user registration endpoint.”

This consistency helps when reading logs or generating release notes.

? Add a Body When Needed (Separate with a Blank Line)

Only include a body if the change isn’t self-explanatory. Use it to explain:

• Why the change was made (not what—it should be obvious from the code)
• Any trade-offs or context that isn’t in the code

Example:

feat(checkout): introduce cart timeout logic

Previously, users could leave items in their cart indefinitely,
leading to inventory issues during high traffic. Now carts expire
after 30 minutes of inactivity. This matches industry standards
and reduces stale reservations.

This is gold when someone (including future you) reviews the code months later.

? Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Vague messages like “update file” or “fix bug” → No one knows what you fixed.
• No separation between subject and body → Makes parsing harder.
• Using past tense → Breaks the imperative convention used by Git itself (e.g., git merge says “Merge branch…” not “Merged…”).
• Overloading one commit with multiple unrelated changes → Makes rollbacks and reviews messy.

Pro tip: If you find yourself writing “and also…” in your message, split the commit.

Bonus: Use git commit -v to See Changes While Writing

This shows your diff below the message area in your editor, helping you write more accurate descriptions based on actual changes—not just memory.

Good commit messages don’t take much longer to write—they just require a little discipline. Once you make it a habit, your team (and your future self) will thank you.

Basically, just ask:
? Would someone else understand this change just by reading the message?
If yes, you’re doing it right.

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