創(chuàng)建語言文件并存儲在resources/lang目錄下，如en/messages.php和es/messages.php，或使用JSON文件；2. 通過中間件或URL前綴動態(tài)設置應用語言，如利用SetLocale中間件讀取URL段或會話中的語言；3. 在視圖和代碼中使用__()輔助函數(shù)或@lang指令調(diào)用翻譯，如__('messages.welcome')；4. 支持帶變量和復數(shù)形式的翻譯，如'welcome_user' => 'Welcome, :name!'及'{0} No posts|{1} One post|[2,*] :count posts'；5. 配置fallback_locale以處理缺失翻譯，并可選使用barryvdh/laravel-translation-manager等包管理翻譯；6. 可通過Composer安裝翻譯管理包實現(xiàn)Web界面編輯和導出翻譯。通過以上步驟，Laravel應用可輕松實現(xiàn)多語言支持，具備靈活性和良好的擴展性。

Adding localization and translation to a Laravel app is straightforward thanks to Laravel’s built-in support for multiple languages. Here’s how you can set it up effectively.

1. Set Up Language Files

Laravel stores translations in the resources/lang directory. Each language has its own subdirectory (e.g., en, es, fr).

Example structure:

/resources
  /lang
    /en
      messages.php
    /es
      messages.php

Create a translation file:

// /resources/lang/en/messages.php
return [
    'welcome' => 'Welcome to our application',
    'goodbye' => 'Goodbye, see you soon',
];

// /resources/lang/es/messages.php
return [
    'welcome' => 'Bienvenido a nuestra aplicación',
    'goodbye' => 'Adiós, hasta pronto',
];

You can also use JSON files for single translations (Laravel 9 ):

// resources/lang/es.json
{
    "Welcome to our application": "Bienvenido a nuestra aplicación",
    "Goodbye, see you soon": "Adiós, hasta pronto"
}

2. Detect and Set the Application Locale

You can set the app language dynamically using middleware or user preferences.

Option A: Set locale globally (for testing)

// In a controller or RouteServiceProvider
App::setLocale('es');

Option B: Use middleware to set locale from URL or session

Create a middleware:

php artisan make:middleware SetLocale

In SetLocale.php:

public function handle($request, \Closure $next)
{
    $locale = $request->segment(1); // e.g., /es/dashboard

    if (in_array($locale, ['en', 'es', 'fr'])) {
        app()->setLocale($locale);
        session()->put('locale', $locale);
    } elseif (session()->has('locale')) {
        app()->setLocale(session('locale'));
    }

    return $next($request);
}

Register the middleware in app/Http/Kernel.php:

protected $middlewareGroups = [
    'web' => [
        \App\Http\Middleware\SetLocale::class,
        // ... other middleware
    ],
];

Then group your routes:

Route::group(['prefix' => '{locale?}'], function () {
    Route::get('/dashboard', [DashboardController::class, 'index']);
    Route::get('/', [HomeController::class, 'index']);
});

This way, visiting /es will show Spanish content.

3. Use Translations in Views and Code

Laravel provides several ways to retrieve translations.

Using the __() helper:

<h1>{{ __('messages.welcome') }}</h1>
<p>{{ __('Goodbye, see you soon') }}</p>

Using @lang Blade directive:

<p>@lang('messages.goodbye')</p>

In PHP code:

echo __('messages.welcome');

Note: If using JSON translations, use the full text as the key: __('Welcome to our application').

4. Pluralization and Variables

For dynamic content, use placeholders and pluralization.

Translation file with variables:

// resources/lang/en/messages.php
'welcome_user' => 'Welcome, :name!',
'posts' => '{0} No posts|{1} One post|[2,*] :count posts',

Usage:

{{ __('messages.welcome_user', ['name' => 'John']) }}
{{ __('messages.posts', ['count' => $count]) }}

5. Fallback and Missing Translations

• Laravel uses the fallback_locale (in config/app.php) if a translation doesn’t exist.
• You can also log missing translations using packages like barryvdh/laravel-translation-manager for easier management.

6. Optional: Use a Package for Admin Management

For larger apps, consider using a package to manage translations via UI:

• Laravel Translation Manager
  • Scans your app for translation keys
  • Provides a web interface to edit translations
  • Exports back to language files

Install via Composer:

composer require barryvdh/laravel-translation-manager

Follow package instructions to register and configure.

Summary

• Store translations in resources/lang/{locale}/
• Use __() or @lang() in views
• Set locale dynamically via middleware or session
• Support variables and pluralization
• Optionally use a package for managing translations

With these steps, your Laravel app can easily support multiple languages. Basically, it’s flexible, built-in, and scales well with your needs.

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