要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建自定義中間件，首先使用Artisan命令生成中間件：php artisan make:middleware CheckAge；然后在handle方法中定義邏輯，例如檢查年齡是否小于18則重定向到首頁，否則調(diào)用$next($request)繼續(xù)請(qǐng)求流程；接著在app/Http/Kernel.php的$routeMiddleware數(shù)組中注冊(cè)中間件，如'check.age' => \App\Http\Middleware\CheckAge::class；最后在路由、路由組或控制器中使用該中間件，例如Route::get('/dashboard')->middleware('check.age')或在控制器構(gòu)造函數(shù)中調(diào)用$this->middleware('check.age')；中間件可作為應(yīng)用的請(qǐng)求守門人，控制HTTP請(qǐng)求的流向。

Creating custom middleware in Laravel is straightforward and gives you control over the HTTP request flow before it reaches your application’s routes or controllers. Here's how to do it step by step.

1. Generate the Middleware

Use the Artisan command to create a new middleware:

php artisan make:middleware CheckAge

This will create a file called CheckAge.php in the app/Http/Middleware directory.

2. Define the Middleware Logic

Open the generated file and add your logic inside the handle method. For example, let’s create a middleware that checks if a user is over 18:

<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class CheckAge
{
    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next)
    {
        if ($request->input('age') < 18) {
            return redirect('home');
        }

        return $next($request);
    }
}

• $request is the incoming HTTP request.
• $next($request) passes the request to the next middleware or the route.
• You can return a redirect, JSON response, or abort if conditions fail.

? You can also pass additional parameters. For example, checking against a dynamic age:

public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next, $minAge)
{
    if ($request->input('age') < $minAge) {
        return redirect('home');
    }
    return $next($request);
}

3. Register the Middleware

There are a few ways to register and use your middleware:

Option A: Register as a Route Middleware

Add it to the $routeMiddleware array in app/Http/Kernel.php:

protected $routeMiddleware = [
    // ...
    'check.age' => \App\Http\Middleware\CheckAge::class,
];

Then use it in your routes:

Route::get('/dashboard', function () {
    //
})->middleware('check.age');

// Or with parameters:
Route::get('/dashboard', function () {
    //
})->middleware('check.age:21'); // requires age >= 21

Option B: Register as a Global Middleware

If you want it to run on every request, add it to the $middleware array in app/Http/Kernel.php:

protected $middleware = [
    // ...
    \App\Http\Middleware\CheckAge::class,
];

?? Use global middleware sparingly — it affects all requests.

Option C: Assign Middleware to a Group

Apply it to a group of routes:

Route::middleware(['check.age'])->group(function () {
    Route::get('/profile', function () {
        // Only accessible if age >= 18
    });
    Route::get('/settings', function () {
        // Also protected
    });
});

4. Use in Controllers (Optional)

You can also assign middleware directly in a controller’s constructor:

class DashboardController extends Controller
{
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->middleware('check.age');
    }
}

Or apply it to specific methods:

$this->middleware('check.age')->only('index');

Summary

• Use php artisan make:middleware MiddlewareName to create it.
• Add logic in the handle() method.
• Register in Kernel.php under $routeMiddleware for named access.
• Apply via routes, route groups, or controllers.

That’s it — custom middleware in Laravel is flexible and easy to integrate. Just remember to always call $next($request) to continue the request lifecycle unless you're terminating it early.

Basically, it's a gatekeeper for your routes.

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