數(shù)據(jù)庫播種（Seeding）在 Laravel 中用于快速填充測(cè)試或初始數(shù)據(jù)，通過 seeder 類與 model factory 結(jié)合 Faker 可高效生成結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)。1. 使用 php artisan make:seeder 創(chuàng)建 seeder 類并在 run() 方法中插入數(shù)據(jù)；2. 推薦使用 Eloquent 的 create() 或批量 insert() 方法操作數(shù)據(jù)；3. 利用 php artisan make:factory 創(chuàng)建工廠類并通過 Faker 生成動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)；4. 在主 DatabaseSeeder.php 文件中調(diào)用其他 seeder 類以統(tǒng)一執(zhí)行；5. 使用 php artisan db:seed 命令運(yùn)行播種器，可結(jié)合 migrate:fresh --seed 快速重置并填充數(shù)據(jù)，但需注意該命令會(huì)清空現(xiàn)有表且生產(chǎn)環(huán)境慎用外鍵約束問題。

Seeding a database in Laravel is one of those tasks that seems simple until you run into issues like duplicate entries, foreign key constraints, or just plain messy test data. The good news is, once you understand how Laravel’s seeder system works and organize your approach, it becomes a breeze.

What Is Database Seeding?

Database seeding is the process of populating your tables with initial or sample data. This is especially useful during development and testing. Laravel makes this easy by allowing you to write seed classes that can be run using Artisan commands.

You don’t want to manually insert test data every time you reset your database, right? That’s where seeding comes in handy.

Laravel uses model factories and seed classes to help generate realistic test data quickly. You can either create a single seeder for each table or use a database seeder to orchestrate multiple ones.

Setting Up a Seeder

First, you need to create a seeder class. Laravel provides a command for that:

php artisan make:seeder UsersTableSeeder

This will create a new file under database/seeders/. Inside the run() method, you can start inserting records. Here’s a basic example:

public function run()
{
    DB::table('users')->insert([
        'name' => 'John Doe',
        'email' => 'john@example.com',
        'password' => bcrypt('password'),
    ]);
}

But if you’re using Eloquent models, a cleaner way is:

User::create([
    'name' => 'Jane Doe',
    'email' => 'jane@example.com',
    'password' => bcrypt('password'),
]);

You can also insert multiple records by looping through an array or using the insert() method with an array of data.

• If you're dealing with large datasets, consider using insert() instead of creating models one by one.
• Avoid hardcoded values when possible — use Faker or factories instead.

Using Model Factories for Dynamic Data

Factories are a more powerful and scalable way to seed your database. Laravel ships with the Faker library, which lets you generate realistic fake data easily.

To create a factory, run:

php artisan make:factory UserFactory --model=User

Then define the fields in your factory class:

$factory->define(User::class, function (Faker $faker) {
    return [
        'name' => $faker->name,
        'email' => $faker->unique()->safeEmail,
        'password' => bcrypt('password'),
    ];
});

Once your factory is set up, go back to your seeder and use it like this:

public function run()
{
    User::factory(10)->create();
}

This creates 10 users with random but valid data.

• Factories work well with relationships too — try User::factory()->hasPosts(3) if you have a related Post model.
• Make sure to import the correct Faker namespace in your factory files.

Running Seeders

After writing your seeders, you’ll need to call them from the main DatabaseSeeder.php file. Otherwise, Laravel won’t know to run them.

In database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.php, do something like:

public function run()
{
    $this->call([
        UsersTableSeeder::class,
        PostsTableSeeder::class,
    ]);
}

Then run the seeder via Artisan:

php artisan db:seed

If you only want to run a specific seeder:

php artisan db:seed --class=UsersTableSeeder

Also, if you're resetting your database and re-seeding often (like during development), you might find this combo helpful:

php artisan migrate:fresh --seed

That resets your tables and runs all seeders again.

• Use migrate:fresh --seed carefully — it wipes your database first.
• Always check your foreign key constraints before running seeders in production-like environments.

基本上就這些。

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