要有效實現(xiàn)PHP應(yīng)用的緩存，首先啟用OPcache以提升腳本執(zhí)行效率；其次對靜態(tài)頁面進行輸出緩存；再者使用Memcached或Redis緩存數(shù)據(jù)；最后通過HTTP頭控制瀏覽器緩存。1.啟用OPcache并配置內(nèi)存和文件數(shù)量參數(shù)。2.為頻繁訪問頁面生成緩存文件，并在請求時判斷是否需要重新生成。3.將數(shù)據(jù)庫結(jié)果、API響應(yīng)等存儲于Redis或Memcached中，并設(shè)置鍵名策略和過期時間。4.設(shè)置Cache-Control、ETag等HTTP頭以優(yōu)化API和靜態(tài)資源的緩存效果，減少帶寬使用并加快加載速度。
Caching is one of the most effective ways to improve performance in a PHP application. It helps reduce database load, speeds up page loads, and improves user experience. If you're looking to implement caching in your PHP app, here's how to do it effectively.
1. Use Opcode Caching with OPcache
One of the simplest and most impactful caching methods is opcode caching. PHP scripts are compiled into opcode every time they’re executed — unless you cache it.
Enable OPcache:
- Make sure
opcache.so(orphp_opcache.dllon Windows) is enabled in yourphp.ini. - Set
opcache.enable=1 - For production, enable
opcache.enable_cli=1if you run CLI scripts. - Adjust
opcache.memory_consumptionandopcache.max_accelerated_filesbased on your app size.
This doesn’t require any changes to your code and gives an immediate performance boost.
2. Cache Output or Full Pages for Frequently Accessed Content
If your site has pages that don’t change often — like a homepage or a product listing — caching the full HTML output can save a lot of processing time.
How to do it:
- Create a cache file for each page (e.g., using a unique key like the URL).
- Before generating the page, check if a cached version exists and is still fresh.
- If so, serve it directly without executing the full PHP logic.
- Otherwise, generate the page and save it to the cache.
$cacheFile = 'cache/' . md5($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);
if (file_exists($cacheFile) && (time() - 3600 < filemtime($cacheFile))) {
readfile($cacheFile);
exit();
}
// Generate page content normally
ob_start();
echo '<html>...your content...</html>';
file_put_contents($cacheFile, ob_get_contents());
ob_end_flush();This approach works best for static or semi-static pages.
3. Use Data Caching for Repeated Queries or Expensive Operations
Sometimes, you just need to cache specific data instead of whole pages. This is especially useful for:
- Database query results
- API responses
- Heavy computations
You can store these in fast storage systems like Memcached or Redis.
Basic example with Redis:
$redis = new Redis();
$redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379);
$key = 'user_profile_123';
$data = $redis->get($key);
if (!$data) {
// Simulate expensive fetch
$data = json_encode(['name' => 'John Doe', 'visits' => 100]);
$redis->setex($key, 300, $data); // Cache for 5 minutes
}
echo $data;Make sure to:
- Choose a good key naming strategy.
- Set appropriate expiration times.
- Clear or update the cache when underlying data changes.
4. Leverage HTTP Caching for APIs and Static Assets
If your PHP app serves APIs or static assets (like images, CSS, JS), use HTTP headers to control browser caching.
Common headers to set:
Cache-Control: Tells browsers how long to cache the response.ETag/Last-Modified: Help browsers validate whether their cached copy is still valid.
For example:
header('Cache-Control: public, max-age=86400'); // Cache for 24 hours
header('Last-Modified: ' . gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s', filemtime('style.css')) . ' GMT');This reduces bandwidth usage and makes repeat visits faster.
Implementing caching in PHP doesn’t have to be complicated. Start with OPcache, then add page or data caching where it makes sense. Don’t forget to manage cache invalidation properly — otherwise, you might end up serving outdated content.
基本上就這些。
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