使用xmlstarlet或xmllint可安全遍歷XML文件，避免用grep、sed等文本工具。 1. 安裝xmlstarlet後，用xmlstarlet sel -t -m "http://item" -v "name" -o ": " -v "price" -n data.xml輸出每項名稱與價格。 2. 可結(jié)合while循環(huán)處理分隔數(shù)據(jù)：xmlstarlet sel -t -m "http://item" -v "concat(name,'|',price)" -n data.xml | while IFS='|' read -r name price; do echo "Item: $name, Price: $price"; done。 3. 用xmllint需先獲取節(jié)點數(shù)count=$(xmllint --xpath "count(//item)" data.xml)，再通過索引循環(huán)調(diào)用--xpath "http://item[$i]/name/text()"提取各值。推薦優(yōu)先使用xmlstarlet實現(xiàn)簡潔高效解析。

To loop through an XML file in a bash script, you should avoid parsing XML with basic text tools like grep , sed , or awk because they can't reliably handle nested structures or attributes. Instead, use proper XML parsing tools such as xmllint (from libxml2) or xmlstarlet . Here's how to do it effectively.

Using xmlstarlet (Recommended)

Install xmlstarlet:
On Debian/Ubuntu: sudo apt install xmlstarlet
On CentOS/RHEL: sudo yum install xmlstarlet or dnf install xmlstarlet

Example XML file (data.xml):

<items>
  <item id="1">
    <name>Apple</name>
    <price>1.20</price>
  </item>
  <item id="2">
    <name>Banana</name>
    <price>0.80</price>
  </item>
</items>

Loop through each item using xmlstarlet:

xmlstarlet sel -t -m "//item" \
  -v "name" -o ": " \
  -v "price" -n data.xml

This outputs:

Apple: 1.20
Banana: 0.80

You can also capture values in a while loop:

xmlstarlet sel -t -m "//item" \
  -v "concat(name, '|', price)" -n data.xml | \
while IFS='|' read -r name price; do
  echo "Item: $name, Price: $price"
done

Using xmllint with XPath

Get the number of items:

count=$(xmllint --xpath "count(//item)" data.xml)

Loop by index:

for ((i=1; i<font color="#FF0000">Note: This method is slower and less elegant than xmlstarlet, especially for large files.</font><h3> Handling Namespaces</h3> <font color="#000000">If your XML uses namespaces, you must declare them.</font><p> For example, with a namespace:</p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">
<root xmlns:ns="http://example.com/ns">
  <item><name>Widget</name></item>
</root>

In xmlstarlet:

xmlstarlet sel -N ns="http://example.com/ns" -t \
  -m "//ns:item" -v "ns:name" -n data.xml

Basically, use xmlstarlet for clean, reliable XML processing in bash. It handles structure, attributes, and namespaces correctly—something raw string parsing can't do safely.

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