std::array 是C 中封裝固定大小數(shù)組的容器，兼具安全性與性能。需包含 頭文件，通過指定類型和編譯期已知大小聲明，支持operator[]、at() 等安全訪問方式，提供size()、fill() 等成員函數(shù)，並可使用範圍for 循環(huán)遍歷，避免指針退化，提升代碼清晰度和安全性。

std::array is a container in the C Standard Library that encapsulates fixed-size arrays. It provides the safety and usability of containers like std::vector , but with the performance and size of a raw C-style array. Here's how to use std::array effectively in your C programs.

Include the Required Header

To use std::array , include the <array></array> header:

Declaration and Initialization

Declare a std::array by specifying the type and size as template parameters. The size must be known at compile time.

You can also use uniform initialization (brace initialization) or default-initialize elements.

Accessing Elements Safely

std::array supports multiple ways to access elements:

• operator[] : Access element without bounds checking: numbers[0]
• .at() : Access with bounds checking (throws std::out_of_range if invalid): numbers.at(1)
• .front() and .back() : Get first and last elements
• .data() : Get pointer to underlying C-style array

Useful Member Functions

std::array comes with several helpful methods:

• .size() : Returns number of elements (compile-time constant)
• .empty() : Returns true if size is 0 (always false for non-zero-sized arrays)
• .fill(value) : Assigns the same value to all elements
• .swap(another_array) : Swaps contents with another array of same type and size

Iterating Over std::array

You can use range-based for loops or iterators:

Using std::array improves code safety and clarity over raw arrays, especially when passing arrays to functions or returning them from functions. It avoids pointer decay and preserves size information.

Basically just remember: fixed size, stack allocation, full STL compatibility — and you're good to go.

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