Go 1.16及以上版本推薦使用embed包將文件嵌入二進製文件中。 1. 導(dǎo)入embed包；2. 在變量聲明前使用//go:embed指令指定要嵌入的文件或目錄；3. 根據(jù)文件類型選擇string（文本文件）、[]byte（二進製文件）或embed.FS（多個文件或目錄）作為變量類型；4. 路徑為相對於Go源文件的目錄；5. 使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O函數(shù)從embed.FS讀取文件內(nèi)容；6. 編譯時無需特殊標(biāo)誌，嵌入文件會自動包含在可執(zhí)行文件中，且運行時不可修改。

Embedding files into a Go binary allows you to distribute a single, self-contained executable that includes assets like HTML templates, configuration files, images, or JavaScript. Starting with Go 1.16, the embed package makes this straightforward.

Using the embed package (Go 1.16 )

The recommended way to embed files is using the //go:embed directive along with the embed package.

Step 1: Import the embed package

 import (
    "embed"
    "net/http"
)

Step 2: Use //go:embed to include files

You can embed:

• A single file
• Multiple files
• An entire directory (including subdirectories)

Example: Embed a single file

 //go:embed version.txt
var version string

func main() {
    println("Version:", version)
}

Example: Embed multiple files into a slice of strings

 //go:embed config/*.json
var configFiles []string

func main() {
    for _, file := range configFiles {
        println(file)
    }
}

Note: This only works for text files (like JSON, YAML, etc.). Binary files (eg, images) must be embedded as []byte .

Example: Embed a directory into embed.FS

 //go:embed assets/*
var assetFS embed.FS

func main() {
    http.Handle("/static/", http.FileServer(http.FS(assetFS)))
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

In this example, all files in the assets/ directory are embedded and served via an HTTP file server.

The path after //go:embed is relative to the package directory.

Handling binary files

For binary files (images, binaries, etc.), use []byte :

 //go:embed logo.png
var logo []byte

func main() {
    _ = os.WriteFile("copy.png", logo, 0644)
}

Using embed.FS for structured file access

You can read files from the embedded filesystem using standard I/O functions:

 //go:embed templates/*
var templateFS embed.FS

func renderTemplate(name string) (string, error) {
    content, err := templateFS.ReadFile("templates/" name)
    if err != nil {
        return "", err
    }
    return string(content), nil
}

Rules and tips

• The //go:embed directive must be on the line immediately before a variable declaration .
• Only works with package-level variables .
• Supported types:
  • string → single text file
  • []byte → single binary file
  • embed.FS → one or more files/directories
• Paths are relative to the Go source file's directory .
• Embedded files are included in the binary at compile time — they cannot be modified at runtime.

Build-time considerations

No special build flags are needed. Just use normal go build :

 go build -o myapp .

The embedded files are automatically included.

Alternative: Using external tools (pre-Go 1.16 or advanced use)

Before Go 1.16, people used tools like:

• go-bindata
• statik
• packr

But these are now largely obsolete thanks to //go:embed .

If you need features like compression or encryption, you can still use such tools, but for most use cases, embed is sufficient and standard.

Basically, with //go:embed , embedding files is simple and idiomatic in modern Go. Just declare a variable, add the directive, and use the embed.FS or raw types as needed.

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