使用Artisan 命令生成資源控制器：php artisan make:controller PostController --resource；2. 在routes/api.php 中註冊(cè)路由：Route::apiResource('posts', PostController::class)；3. 在控制器中實(shí)現(xiàn)index、store、show、update 和destroy 方法並操作Post 模型；4. 可選但推薦使用API Resource 格式化JSON 輸出；5. Laravel 自動(dòng)處理驗(yàn)證錯(cuò)誤並返回422 狀態(tài)碼；6. 使用Postman 或測(cè)試代碼驗(yàn)證API 功能，最終即可獲得一個(gè)基於Laravel 資源控制器的完整REST API。

Creating a REST API with resource controllers in Laravel is straightforward and follows Laravel's conventions for organizing routes, controllers, and responses. Here's how to do it step by step.

1. Generate a Resource Controller

Use the Artisan command to create a controller with resource methods:

 php artisan make:controller PostController --resource

This creates a controller with the standard RESTful methods:

• index() — List all resources
• store() — Create a new resource
• show($id) — Show a single resource
• update($id) — Update a resource
• destroy($id) — Delete a resource

2. Define Routes in routes/api.php

Register the resource route in routes/api.php :

 use App\Http\Controllers\PostController;

Route::apiResource('posts', PostController::class);

This automatically maps the following endpoints:

3. Implement Controller Methods

Inside PostController.php , fill in the logic using a model like Post :

 use App\Models\Post;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class PostController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        return response()->json(Post::all());
    }

    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $validated = $request->validate([
            'title' => 'required|string|max:255',
            'content' => 'required',
        ]);

        $post = Post::create($validated);

        return response()->json($post, 201);
    }

    public function show($id)
    {
        $post = Post::findOrFail($id);
        return response()->json($post);
    }

    public function update(Request $request, $id)
    {
        $post = Post::findOrFail($id);

        $validated = $request->validate([
            'title' => 'required|string|max:255',
            'content' => 'required',
        ]);

        $post->update($validated);

        return response()->json($post);
    }

    public function destroy($id)
    {
        $post = Post::findOrFail($id);
        $post->delete();

        return response()->json(null, 204);
    }
}

4. Use API Resources (Optional but Recommended)

For better control over JSON output, use Laravel API Resources:

 php artisan make:resource PostResource

Then update the controller:

 use App\Http\Resources\PostResource;

public function index()
{
    return PostResource::collection(Post::all());
}

public function show($id)
{
    return new PostResource(Post::findOrFail($id));
}

You can customize the output in PostResource :

 public function toArray($request)
{
    return [
        'id' => $this->id,
        'title' => $this->title,
        'content' => $this->content,
        'created_at' => $this->created_at->toISOString(),
    ];
}

5. Handle Validation Errors

Laravel automatically returns a 422 status code with validation errors in JSON format when validate() fails — no extra work needed.

6. Test Your API

Use tools like Postman, curl, or Laravel's built-in testing:

 // In a test
$response = $this->postJson('/api/posts', [
    'title' => 'My First Post',
    'content' => 'Hello World',
]);

$response->assertStatus(201);

Final Notes

• Always use apiResource in routes/api.php — it's stateless and uses the api middleware group.
• Model route binding works automatically if you type-hint the model in controller methods.
• For soft deletes, consider adding logic in show , update , and index to handle deleted records.

That's it. With these steps, you have a fully functional REST API using Laravel resource controllers.

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