確保使用MySQL 5.6或更高版本並檢查FTS相關配置；2. 在InnoDB表的文本列上創(chuàng)建FULLTEXT索引；3. 使用MATCH()...AGAINST()語法執(zhí)行自然語言、布爾或查詢擴展模式搜索；4. 根據(jù)需要調整最小詞長、停用詞表和緩存設置以優(yōu)化性能；5. 注意InnoDB全文搜索對大文本字段、相關性評分精度和復雜搜索需求的限制，但對大多數(shù)Web應用已足夠。

MySQL's InnoDB storage engine supports full-text search (FTS) starting from version 5.6, making it possible to perform efficient text-based queries directly within InnoDB tables—no need to switch to MyISAM anymore. Here's how to implement full-text search on InnoDB tables properly.

1. Ensure MySQL Version and Configuration

First, confirm you're using MySQL 5.6 or higher , as full-text search for InnoDB was introduced in that version.

Also, check your innodb_ft_aux_table and other FTS-related system variables if you're debugging or tuning performance:

 SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb_ft_%';

By default, most settings are fine for basic use, but for large text datasets, you may want to adjust settings like innodb_ft_cache_size or innodb_ft_total_cache_size .

2. Create a Full-Text Index on Text Columns

You can create a FULLTEXT index on one or more CHAR , VARCHAR , or TEXT columns.

Example Table:

 CREATE TABLE articles (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    title VARCHAR(255),
    body TEXT,
    FULLTEXT (title, body)
);

Or add a FULLTEXT index to an existing table:

 ALTER TABLE articles ADD FULLTEXT (title, body);

You can also create a full-text index on a single column:

 CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX idx_ft_title ON articles(title);

Note: The table must use the InnoDB engine, and the default collation should be compatible (usually utf8mb4 works fine).

3. Use MATCH() ... AGAINST() for Search Queries

Once the FULLTEXT index is in place, use the MATCH() ... AGAINST() syntax to run full-text searches.

Natural Language Search (default mode):

 SELECT *, MATCH(title, body) AGAINST('database optimization') AS score
FROM articles
WHERE MATCH(title, body) AGAINST('database optimization');

This returns rows with relevance scores. Results are ordered by relevance by default if you use the score in ORDER BY .

Boolean Mode (for advanced control):

Use IN BOOLEAN MODE for operators like , - , * , "..." .

 SELECT * FROM articles
WHERE MATCH(title, body) AGAINST(' database -mysql' IN BOOLEAN MODE);

• means the word must be present
• - means the word must not be present
• Use quotes for exact phrases: "query optimization"

Query Expansion (for broader results):

 SELECT * FROM articles
WHERE MATCH(title, body) AGAINST('optimization' WITH QUERY EXPANSION);

Helps include related terms based on the initial result set.

4. Optimize Performance and Considerations

• Minimum Word Length : By default, InnoDB ignores words shorter than 3 characters (controlled by innodb_ft_min_token_size ). If you need to search short words (like "AI" or "C#"), change this value in my.cnf and rebuild the index.

• Stopword List : InnoDB uses a stopword list (eg, "the", "and"). You can disable it or customize it:

   SET GLOBAL innodb_ft_server_stopword_table = 'mydb/my_stopwords';

• Index Maintenance : Full-text indexes are updated with DML operations, but large changes may benefit from optimization:

   OPTIMIZE TABLE articles;

• Rebuilding Index : If you change FTS settings (like token size), you may need to drop and recreate the FULLTEXT index.

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5. Limitations to Keep in Mind

• Full-text search in InnoDB doesn't support indexing TEXT columns with very large content (> 768 bytes per column in some cases, though this is managed internally via auxiliary tables).
• Relevance scores are relative and not as fine-tuned as dedicated search engines (eg, Elasticsearch).
• Not ideal for huge datasets or complex search needs (fuzzy matching, typo tolerance, etc.).

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For most web applications—blogs, documentation, product catalogs—InnoDB full-text search is sufficient and avoids adding external dependencies. Just make sure your indexes are set up correctly and your search queries use the right mode.

Basically, enable the index, use MATCH() ... AGAINST() , and tune settings if needed.

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