首先使用lspci和nvidia-smi命令確認(rèn)GPU型號(hào)及驅(qū)動(dòng)狀態(tài)，若顯示nouveau或命令未找到，則需安裝NVIDIA驅(qū)動(dòng)；2. 根據(jù)發(fā)行版選擇安裝方法：Ubuntu用戶可使用“附加驅(qū)動(dòng)”工具或命令行安裝指定版本驅(qū)動(dòng)，F(xiàn)edora需啟用RPM Fusion后安裝akmod-nvidia，openSUSE通過(guò)zypper安裝nvidia-driver包，Arch系使用pacman安裝nvidia及nvidia-utils；3. 遇到黑屏問(wèn)題時(shí)應(yīng)檢查日志、禁用Secure Boot并考慮黑屏原因是否為nouveau沖突，必要時(shí)屏蔽nouveau并重建initramfs；4. 安裝后通過(guò)nvidia-smi和nvidia-settings驗(yàn)證驅(qū)動(dòng)是否正常運(yùn)行，確保GPU信息正確顯示且控制面板可打開(kāi)，從而完成驅(qū)動(dòng)安裝并獲得完整功能支持。

Installing NVIDIA drivers on a Linux desktop can be a bit tricky if you're not familiar with the process, but it's usually straightforward if you follow the right steps. The exact method depends on your Linux distribution, but the general approach is similar across most systems. Here’s how to do it properly.

1. Check Your GPU and Current Driver Status

Before installing anything, confirm that you have an NVIDIA GPU and check whether a driver is already loaded.

Open a terminal and run:

lspci | grep -i nvidia

This should show your NVIDIA graphics card.

Next, check if a driver is currently in use:

lspci -k | grep -A 2 -i "nvidia"

Look for a line like Kernel driver in use: nvidia or Kernel driver in use: nouveau.
If it says nouveau, that’s the open-source driver — you’ll want to replace it with the official NVIDIA driver.

You can also check with:

nvidia-smi

If this command works, you already have the NVIDIA driver installed. If it says "command not found" or fails, you need to install it.

2. Choose the Right Installation Method (by Distro)

Ubuntu / Debian-based Systems

Option A: Use the “Additional Drivers” Tool (Recommended for Beginners)

1. Open Software & Updates.
2. Go to the Additional Drivers tab.
3. Wait for it to scan your hardware.
4. Select the recommended NVIDIA driver (usually labeled “proprietary, tested”).
5. Click Apply Changes and wait for installation.
6. Reboot.

This is the easiest and safest method for most users.

Option B: Install via Command Line (More Control)

First, find the correct driver:

ubuntu-drivers devices

It will list recommended drivers. Then install automatically:

sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

Or install a specific version:

sudo apt install nvidia-driver-535  # Replace 535 with your version

Reboot after installation.

Fedora

Use RPM Fusion repositories:

1. Enable RPM Fusion:

sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm

2. Install the driver:

sudo dnf install akmod-nvidia

3. Reboot.

The akmod package will automatically build the kernel module for your current and future kernels.

openSUSE

Use YaST or the terminal:

sudo zypper install nvidia-driver-G06  # or G05 for older cards
sudo zypper install nvidia-driver-G06-kmp-default

Then reboot.

You can also use YaST > Software > Software Repositories to add the NVIDIA repo and install from there.

Arch Linux / Manjaro

Install from official repos:

sudo pacman -S nvidia nvidia-utils nvidia-settings

For newer kernels, you might need nvidia-dkms:

sudo pacman -S nvidia-dkms nvidia-utils nvidia-settings

Reboot.

3. Handle Common Issues

• Black screen after reboot?
  This often happens if the display manager fails to start. Boot into recovery mode or a TTY (Ctrl+Alt+F2), then:

  • Check logs: journalctl -b | grep -i nvidia
  • Make sure Secure Boot is disabled in BIOS (it can block unsigned drivers).
  • Try reinstalling or removing conflicting drivers.

• Nouveau is blocking the NVIDIA driver?
  You may need to blacklist it:

  sudo bash -c 'echo "blacklist nouveau" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nvidia-nouveau.conf'
  sudo bash -c 'echo "options nouveau modeset=0" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nvidia-nouveau.conf'

  Then regenerate initramfs:

  sudo update-initramfs -u  # Ubuntu/Debian
  sudo dracut --force       # Fedora/RHEL

• Driver not loading after kernel update?
  This is common with DKMS. Ensure nvidia-dkms is installed so the module rebuilds automatically.

4. Verify the Installation

After rebooting, run:

nvidia-smi

You should see your GPU, driver version, and temperature info.

Also try:

nvidia-settings

This opens the NVIDIA control panel (GUI tool for tweaking settings).

That’s it. With the right driver installed, you’ll get better performance, support for CUDA, and proper display scaling — especially useful for gaming, video editing, or AI work. Just remember to keep your system updated and watch for driver conflicts after kernel upgrades.

Basically, stick to your distro’s recommended method, avoid mixing driver sources, and you should be fine.

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