使用Go的embed包將靜態(tài)資源嵌入二進製文件中，1. 使用//go:embed指令和embed包將文件或目錄嵌入變量；2. 可嵌入到string、[]byte或embed.FS類型中；3. 文件路徑相對於Go源文件所在目錄；4. 使用assets/...實現遞歸嵌入子目錄；5. 通過fs.ReadFile或http.FileServer訪問嵌入文件，所有資源在編譯時包含，修改需重新編譯，適用於Web應用或CLI工具且無需外部依賴。

You embed static assets into a Go binary using Go's built-in embed package (available since Go 1.16). This allows you to include files like HTML templates, CSS, JavaScript, images, or config files directly in your compiled binary—no external dependencies needed.

Use the //go:embed directive with the embed package

The embed directive works by annotating variables in your Go code. You import the "embed" package and use the //go:embed comment above a compatible variable to specify which files or directories to include.

Example: Embed a single file

 package main

import (
    "embed"
    "fmt"
    "io/fs"
)

//go:embed version.txt
var version string

func main() {
    fmt.Println("Version:", version)
}

Here, version.txt is read into the version string at compile time.

Example: Embed multiple files or directories

 package main

import (
    "embed"
    "net/http"
)

//go:embed assets/*
var assetFS embed.FS

//go:embed templates/*.html
var templateFS embed.FS

func main() {
    mux := http.NewServeMux()
    mux.Handle("/static/", http.FileServer(http.FS(assetFS)))
    // You can also read files directly
    content, _ := templateFS.ReadFile("templates/index.html")
    _ = content // use it as needed
}

In this case:

• assets/* includes all files in the assets directory.
• templates/*.html includes only .html files.
• embed.FS gives you a filesystem interface to access the embedded files.

Key points to remember

• File paths are relative to the package directory (where the .go file is).
• You can embed into:
  • string or []byte (for single files)
  • embed.FS (for one or more files/directories)
• The files are included at compile time , so any changes require recompilation.
• Directory patterns like dir/* do not recurse into subdirectories. Use dir/... for recursive embedding:

 //go:embed assets/...
var assetFS embed.FS // includes subdirectories

Accessing embedded files safely

Use fs.FS helpers to avoid hardcoding paths and improve testability:

 content, err := fs.ReadFile(templateFS, "templates/home.html")
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

Or serve via HTTP:

 http.ListenAndServe(":8080", http.FileServer(http.FS(assetFS)))

Summary

• Use //go:embed with embed.FS , string , or []byte .
• Paths are relative to the Go source file.
• Use assets/... for recursive inclusion.
• Works great for web apps, CLI tools, or anything needing bundled resources.

Basically, it's clean, standard, and no third-party tools needed. Just write the directive and go.

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