安裝MySQL驅(qū)動(dòng)：執(zhí)行g(shù)o get -u github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql；2. 使用database/sql包和DSN（如username:password@tcp(localhost:3306)/dbname）建立連接，並通過(guò)db.Ping()驗(yàn)證連接；3. 推薦配置連接池參數(shù)如SetMaxOpenConns、SetMaxIdleConns和SetConnMaxLifetime以優(yōu)化性能；4. 執(zhí)行查詢時(shí)使用db.Query配合rows.Scan讀取數(shù)據(jù)；5. 注意常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題：確保數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)存在、用戶名密碼正確、導(dǎo)入驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)使用下劃線前綴以觸發(fā)初始化。完整流程包括導(dǎo)入驅(qū)動(dòng)、構(gòu)建DSN、打開(kāi)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、測(cè)試連接、執(zhí)行查詢並妥善處理錯(cuò)誤，即可成功連接並操作MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

Connecting to a MySQL database in Go is straightforward using the database/sql package and a MySQL driver like go-sql-driver/mysql . Below is a practical example showing how to set up and use a connection.

? 1. Install the MySQL Driver

First, install the MySQL driver:

 go get -u github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql

? 2. Basic Connection Example

Here's a simple Go program that connects to a MySQL database and pings it to verify the connection:

 package main

import (
    "database/sql"
    "fmt"
    "log"

    _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql" // Import the MySQL driver
)

func main() {
    // Replace with your actual connection details
    dsn := "username:password@tcp(localhost:3306)/your_database_name"

    db, err := sql.Open("mysql", dsn)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("Failed to open database:", err)
    }
    defer db.Close()

    // Test the connection
    err = db.Ping()
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("Failed to ping database:", err)
    }

    fmt.Println("Connected to MySQL database!")
}

? Key Details

• DSN (Data Source Name) : The string username:password@tcp(localhost:3306)/dbname is the DSN.

  • Use tcp(localhost:3306) for local connections.
  • You can add parameters like parseTime=true if you're working with time fields:

     dsn := "username:password@tcp(localhost:3306)/your_db?parseTime=true"

• sql.Open doesn't connect immediately — it just initializes the database handle.

  

• db.Ping() actually tests the connection.

? 3. Using Connection Settings (Optional but Recommended)

For production, configure connection pooling:

 db.SetMaxOpenConns(25)
db.SetMaxIdleConns(25)
db.SetConnMaxLifetime(time.Minute * 5)

These help avoid resource exhaustion and improve performance.

? 4. Example Query

Once connected, you can run queries:

 var id int
var name string

rows, err := db.Query("SELECT id, name FROM users")
if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}
defer rows.Close()

for rows.Next() {
    err := rows.Scan(&id, &name)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    fmt.Printf("ID: %d, Name: %s\n", id, name)
}

?? Common Issues

• "Unknown database" : Make sure the database exists.
• "Access denied" : Check username, password, and MySQL user privileges.
• Driver not found : Ensure you imported the driver with _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql" — the underscore is crucial.

Basically, that's all you need to get started. The pattern is:

1. Import driver
2. Build DSN
3. sql.Open
4. db.Ping
5. Use db for queries

Not complicated — just pay attention to the DSN format and error handling.

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