CSS vendor prefixes存在是為了在CSS特性成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之前，允許瀏覽器實(shí)驗(yàn)性支持並避免兼容性問題。其核心作用包括：1. 使開發(fā)者能夠提前測(cè)試新特性；2. 讓瀏覽器廠商在不破壞現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)站的前提下改進(jìn)實(shí)現(xiàn)；3. 等待標(biāo)準(zhǔn)穩(wěn)定後再採用統(tǒng)一語法。常見前綴如-webkit-（Chrome、Safari）、-moz-（Firefox）、-ms-（IE、舊版Edge）、-o-（舊版Opera）。如今多數(shù)項(xiàng)目使用Autoprefixer等工具自動(dòng)處理，無需手動(dòng)添加，僅在需兼容極舊瀏覽器、維護(hù)無構(gòu)建工具的舊項(xiàng)目或使用尚未標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的新特性時(shí)才可能需要手動(dòng)使用。最終目標(biāo)是編寫乾淨(jìng)、面向未來標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的代碼。

CSS vendor prefixes are used to implement experimental or non-standard CSS features in specific browsers before they become widely supported. Browsers use them to offer new features early without breaking existing websites that might rely on stable, standardized behavior.

Why Do Vendor Prefixes Exist?

The web evolves quickly, and not all CSS features are finalized when browsers start supporting them. To avoid compatibility issues when standards change, browser vendors use prefixes like -webkit- , -moz- , -ms- , and -o- to introduce experimental versions of properties.

This way:

• Developers can test upcoming features
• Browser makers can make changes without breaking sites
• The final standard can be adopted once stabilized

For example, older versions of Safari and Chrome used -webkit-gradient for gradients before the standard linear-gradient() was widely supported.

Common Vendor Prefixes and Which Browsers Use Them

Here's a quick breakdown of common prefixes and their associated browsers:

• -webkit- : Chrome, Safari, newer Edge (based on Chromium)
• -moz- : Firefox
• -ms- : Internet Explorer and older versions of Edge
• -o- : Opera (older versions)

You'll often see these in properties like transform , transition , or box-shadow in legacy codebases.

 .example {
  -webkit-transform: rotate(30deg);
  -moz-transform: rotate(30deg);
  -ms-transform: rotate(30deg);
  transform: rotate(30deg);
}

These days, many modern tools like Autoprefixer handle this automatically based on your target browsers, so you don't usually need to write them manually.

When Should You Still Use Them?

In most modern development workflows — especially if you're using PostCSS with Autoprefixer — you don't need to worry about writing vendor prefixes yourself.

However, there may still be edge cases where:

• You're targeting very old browsers
• You're working on a legacy project that doesn't use build tools
• A new CSS feature hasn't been fully standardized yet

Even then, it's more common to write standard CSS and let tooling handle adding the necessary prefixes.

Final Thoughts

Vendor prefixes were an important part of CSS evolution, letting browsers experiment safely. These days, they're mostly handled behind the scenes by tools, so developers can focus on writing clean, future-proof code.

基本上就這些。

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