Robocopy是Windows內(nèi)置的高效文件複製工具，基本語法為robocopy [file] [options]，常用選項包括/E複製子目錄、/Z啟用斷點(diǎn)續(xù)傳、/R:n設(shè)置重試次數(shù)、/W:n設(shè)置重試間隔、/LOG記錄日誌、/TEE同時輸出到控制臺和日誌、/MT啟用多線程、/XO排除舊文件、/MIR鏡像目錄；常見用例有1. 使用/E、/Z、/R:2、/W:3、/MT:8和/LOG備份文件夾；2. 使用/MIR、/R:1、/W:1和/LOG實(shí)現(xiàn)文件夾精確同步；3. 使用/E、/Z、/R:3、/W:10和/LOG進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)複製並支持?jǐn)帱c(diǎn)續(xù)傳；使用時應(yīng)先測試避免誤刪、路徑含空格時加引號、必要時以管理員身份運(yùn)行、結(jié)合/MT和/Z提升效率、通過日誌檢查結(jié)果，Robocopy適用於大文件或網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸，比傳統(tǒng)複製更可靠。

Robocopy (short for "Robust File Copy") is a powerful command-line utility in Windows designed for efficiently copying files and directories. It's more reliable than the basic copy or xcopy commands, especially for large transfers, network operations, or syncing folders. Here's how to use it effectively.

Basic Robocopy Syntax

The general structure of a Robocopy command is:

 robocopy <source> <destination> [file] [options]

• source : The folder you're copying from.
• destination : The folder you're copying to.
• file (optional): Specific files to copy. If omitted, all files are copied.
• options (optional): Flags that control behavior (eg, subdirectories, retries, logging).

Example:

 robocopy C:\Users\John\Documents D:\Backup\Documents /E /Z /R:3 /W:5

This copies all files from the Documents folder to a backup location.

Essential Robocopy Options

Here are the most useful switches for everyday use:

• /E – Copies all subdirectories, including empty ones.
• /Z – Enables restartable mode. If a transfer is interrupted (eg, network drop), it can resume.
• /R:n – Sets the number of retry attempts (default is 1 million!). Use /R:3 to limit retries.
• /W:n – Waits n seconds between retries. /W:5 is a common choice.
• /LOG:file.txt – Saves output to a log file.
• /TEE – Shows output in the console and logs it to a file.
• /MT[:n] – Uses multi-threaded copies (faster). /MT:16 uses 16 threads (recommended for large transfers).
• /XO – Excludes older files (useful for backups).
• /MIR – Mirrors a directory tree (deletes files in destination that no longer exist in source — use with caution!).

Common Use Cases

1. Backup a Folder with Subdirectories

 robocopy "C:\MyData" "D:\Backup\MyData" /E /Z /R:2 /W:3 /MT:8 /LOG:backup.log

• Copies everything, including subfolders.
• Uses 8 threads for speed.
• Logs the result.

2. Mirror a Folder (Sync Exactly)

 robocopy "C:\Project" "D:\Project" /MIR /R:1 /W:1 /LOG:mirror.log

• Keeps the destination identical to the source.
• Deletes files in destination if they're removed from source.
• Be careful — this can cause data loss if source is wrong.

3. Copy Over Network with Resume Support

 robocopy "\\Server\Shared\Data" "C:\Local\Data" /E /Z /R:3 /W:10 /LOG:network_copy.log

• Great for unreliable connections.
• /Z ensures it can resume after a dropout.

Tips and Best Practices

• Always test first without /MIR or /PURGE to avoid accidental deletions.
• Use quotes around paths with spaces.
• Run Command Prompt as Administrator if you encounter access issues.
• Combine /MT and /Z for fast, resilient transfers.
• Check the log file — Robocopy gives detailed output including skipped, failed, and copied files.

Robocopy is built into Windows (Vista and later), so no install is needed. It's not flashy, but once you get the hang of the switches, it's the go-to tool for reliable file transfers. Basically, if you're copying more than a few files, Robocopy is probably better than dragging and dropping.

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