要正確配置Nginx運行Laravel應(yīng)用，必須1.設(shè)置document root為public目錄；2.使用try_files實現(xiàn)URL重寫；3.配置PHP-FPM處理PHP文件；4.禁止訪問敏感文件和目錄。具體步驟為：首先將root設(shè)為/var/www/laravel/public以確保入口文件為public/index.php，避免暴露.env等敏感文件；接著在location /中使用try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string實現(xiàn)前端控制器模式，將請求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給Laravel路由；然後配置location ~ \.php$塊，通過fastcgi_pass指向PHP-FPM套接字（如unix:/var/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock），並設(shè)置SCRIPT_FILENAME為$realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name以避免符號鏈接問題；最後添加多個deny all規(guī)則阻止訪問.env、.git、~備份文件及storage、bootstrap等目錄。完整配置後需運行sudo nginx -t測試語法並重載Nginx服務(wù)，同時在生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中應(yīng)啟用HTTPS、設(shè)置www-data權(quán)限並清除Laravel緩存以確保正常運行。

Configuring Nginx for a Laravel application is straightforward once you understand the key requirements: routing all requests through public/index.php , securing sensitive files, and setting proper document root. Here's how to do it correctly.

? Set the Correct Root Directory

Laravel's entry point is the public/ folder. Your Nginx server block must point to this directory as the root.

 server {
    listen 80;
    server_name your-domain.com;
    root /var/www/laravel/public;

    index index.php index.html index.htm;
}

? Never point the root to the Laravel project root (where artisan is). That would expose sensitive files like .env .

? Handle URL Rewriting (Front Controller Pattern)

Laravel uses the front controller pattern — all requests should be routed through public/index.php . Use the try_files directive to achieve this:

 location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}

This tells Nginx:

• First, try serving the actual file or directory.
• If not found, pass the request to index.php with the query string intact (so Laravel can route it).

?? PHP-FPM Configuration

You need PHP-FPM to execute PHP files. Make sure PHP-FPM is installed and running (eg, PHP 8.1 or 8.2). Configure Nginx to pass .php files to PHP-FPM:

 location ~ \.php$ {
    fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock; # Adjust version as needed
    fastcgi_index index.php;
    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    include fastcgi_params;
}

? Using $realpath_root instead of $document_root avoids path resolution issues with symlinks (eg, when using git or envoyer ).

? Block Access to Sensitive Files

Prevent direct access to Laravel-specific files and directories:

 location ~ /\.(env|git|htaccess) {
    deny all;
}

location ~ ~$ {
    deny all;
}

You can also explicitly block access to the storage and bootstrap directories:

 location /storage/ {
    deny all;
}

location /bootstrap/ {
    deny all;
}

? Full Example Configuration

 server {
    listen 80;
    server_name your-domain.com;
    root /var/www/laravel/public;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }

    location ~ /\.(env|git|htaccess) {
        deny all;
    }

    location ~ ~$ {
        deny all;
    }

    location /storage/ {
        deny all;
    }
}

After saving, test and reload Nginx:

 sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl reload nginx

? Additional Tips

• Use HTTPS : Always enable SSL (via Let's Encrypt) in production.
• Set proper permissions :

   sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/laravel/storage
  sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/laravel/bootstrap/cache

• Clear config cache if Laravel isn't responding:

   php artisan config:clear
  php artisan route:clear

  ---

  That's it. With this setup, your Laravel app will run securely and efficiently under Nginx. Just make sure PHP-FPM is running and file permissions are correct.

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