git merge 創(chuàng)建合併提交保留完整歷史，適合公共分支；2. git rebase 重寫歷史生成線性記錄，適合本地特性分支整理；3. 關鍵原則：本地用rebase 保持整潔，公共分支用merge 確保安全協(xié)作，避免在他人使用的分支上執(zhí)行rebase。

When you're working with Git, especially in a team, you'll often need to integrate changes from one branch into another. The two main ways to do this are git merge and git rebase — both accomplish the goal of combining code, but they do it in fundamentally different ways. Understanding the difference helps you choose the right tool for the job and keep your project history clean and meaningful.

What's git merge ?

git merge takes the changes from one branch and combines them with another, creating a new "merge commit" that ties both histories together.

• Keeps the full history, including when branches diverged and were later merged.
• Safe and predictable — doesn't rewrite history.
• Results in a non-linear history (with merge commits), which can get messy over time if you merge frequently.

Example:

 git checkout main
git merge feature-branch

This creates a merge commit on main that includes all changes from feature-branch .

? Best for:

• Public/shared branches (like main or develop ) where preserving the exact history matters.
• When you want to clearly see when features were integrated.

What's git rebase ?

git rebase rewrites history by moving or combining commits to a new base commit. Instead of merging, it replays your branch's changes on top of the target branch.

• Results in a linear, cleaner project history — no merge commits.
• Can be risky if used on shared branches (because it rewrites history).
• Makes "what happened when" less obvious but easier to follow chronologically.

Example:

 git checkout feature-branch
git rebase main

This moves all commits from feature-branch to sit on top of the latest main .

? Best for:

• Cleaning up local feature branches before merging.
• Keeping a tidy, linear history on public branches (after rebasing locally, then merging via fast-forward or squash).

?? Avoid on:

• Public branches that others are working on — rebasing changes commit hashes, which can break collaboration.

Key Difference in One Line:

• Merge = "Let's keep everything as it happened."
• Rebase = "Let's make it look like we built this feature on the latest code from the start."

Pro Tip: Use the Right Tool at the Right Time

• ? Rebase your feature branch onto main before merging → clean history.
• ? Merge your feature into main afterward → safe, traceable integration.
• ? Don't rebase branches that others are using — it causes confusion and conflicts.

In practice, many teams use a hybrid approach:

1. git rebase main on your feature branch (to stay up to date).
2. Once ready, git checkout main && git merge feature-branch — or use a PR/MR with a "squash and merge" option.

That way, you get both a clean history and safe collaboration.

Basically, just remember:
Rebase locally, merge publicly.

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