安裝Samba：在Ubuntu/Debian上使用sudo apt install samba samba-common-bin，在CentOS/RHEL/Fedora上使用sudo dnf install samba samba-common-tools，並啟動和啟用smbd服務(wù)。 2. 配置共享：編輯/etc/samba/smb.conf文件，在末尾添加共享定義，如[Public] path = /srv/samba/public browseable = yes read only = no guest ok = yes writable = yes create mask = 0644 directory mask = 0755，根據(jù)需要調(diào)整權(quán)限和安全設(shè)置。 3. 創(chuàng)建Samba用戶：使用sudo adduser創(chuàng)建Linux用戶，再用sudo smbpasswd -a添加到Samba密碼數(shù)據(jù)庫並啟用。 4. 設(shè)置目錄權(quán)限：確保共享目錄存在並設(shè)置正確所有者和權(quán)限，如sudo chown -R nobody:nogroup /srv/samba/public和sudo chmod -R 0755 /srv/samba/public。 5. 防火牆配置：在Ubuntu上運行sudo ufw allow samba，在CentOS/Fedora上運行sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=samba --permanent和sudo firewall-cmd --reload。 6. 重啟並測試：重啟Samba服務(wù)sudo systemctl restart smbd nmbd，使用testparm檢查配置，從Windows文件資源管理器訪問\驗證共享訪問。 7. 可選持久化：在Windows中映射網(wǎng)絡(luò)驅(qū)動器並設(shè)置重新連接以實現(xiàn)開機自動掛載。完成以上步驟後，Windows用戶即可安全訪問Linux上的Samba共享目錄，實現(xiàn)跨平臺文件共享，結(jié)束。

Setting up a Samba share on Linux allows seamless file sharing between Linux and Windows machines on the same network. It's a practical solution for mixed environments, letting Windows users access Linux directories as if they were network drives. Here's how to set it up properly.

Install Samba on Your Linux System

First, make sure Samba is installed. Most Linux distributions include it in their repositories.

On Ubuntu/Debian :

 sudo apt update
sudo apt install samba samba-common-bin

On CentOS/RHEL/Fedora :

 sudo dnf install samba samba-common-tools

After installation, the Samba service ( smbd ) should start automatically. You can verify it with:

 sudo systemctl status smbd

Enable it to start at boot:

 sudo systemctl enable smbd

Configure the Samba Share

The main configuration file is /etc/samba/smb.conf . Open it in your preferred editor:

 sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf

At the bottom of the file, add a new share definition. For example, to share a directory called /srv/samba/public :

 [Public]
   path = /srv/samba/public
   browseable = yes
   read only = no
   guest ok = yes
   writable = yes
   create mask = 0644
   directory mask = 0755

Explanation of key options:

• path : The actual directory on the Linux system.
• browseable = yes : Makes the share visible when browsing the network.
• read only = no : Allows write access.
• guest ok = yes : Lets users access without a password (optional—use with caution).
• writable = yes : Same as read only = no , but clearer.
• create mask and directory mask : Set default permissions for new files and folders.

?? For secure environments, avoid guest ok . Instead, require user authentication.

Set Up Samba User Accounts

If you're not using guest access, you need to add Samba users. They must already exist as Linux users.

Create a Linux user (if needed):

 sudo adduser sambauser

Add the user to Samba's password database:

 sudo smbpasswd -a sambauser

You'll be prompted to set a Samba password.

To activate the user:

 sudo smbpasswd -e sambauser

Now, when connecting from Windows, users will enter this username and password.

Set Proper File System Permissions

Ensure the shared directory exists and has the right permissions:

 sudo mkdir -p /srv/samba/public
sudo chown -R nobody:nogroup /srv/samba/public
sudo chmod -R 0755 /srv/samba/public

If using a specific user (eg, sambauser ), change ownership accordingly:

 sudo chown -R sambauser:sambauser /srv/samba/public

Also, make sure the firewall allows Samba traffic.

On systems using ufw (Ubuntu):

 sudo ufw allow samba

On firewalld (CentOS/Fedora):

 sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=samba --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

Restart Samba and Test the Setup

After making changes, restart the Samba services:

 sudo systemctl restart smbd nmbd

Test the configuration for syntax errors:

 testparm

From a Windows machine:

1. Open File Explorer.
2. In the address bar, type: \\<linux-machine-ip></linux-machine-ip>
   • Example: \\192.168.1.100
3. Press Enter.
4. You should see the "Public" share. Double-click to access.

If prompted, enter the Samba username and password.

Optional: Make the Share Persistent on Windows

To map the Samba share as a network drive:

1. Right-click "This PC" → "Map network drive".
2. Choose a drive letter.
3. Enter the folder path: \\<linux-ip>\Public</linux-ip>
4. Check "Reconnect at sign-in".
5. Enter credentials if needed.

That's it. You now have a working Samba share accessible from Windows. Whether you're sharing files in a home network or a small office, this setup provides reliable interoperability. Just remember to balance convenience and security—avoid guest access on untrusted networks.

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