編寫WordPress 單元測(cè)試需使用PHPUnit 和WordPress 測(cè)試套件。 1. 設(shè)置環(huán)境：安裝PHP 和Composer，通過Composer 安裝PHPUnit，克隆wordpress-develop 倉庫，配置專用數(shù)據(jù)庫，使用wp scaffold 生成測(cè)試文件。 2. 理解測(cè)試結(jié)構(gòu)：繼承WP_UnitTestCase 類，測(cè)試方法以test_ 開頭，使用工廠類創(chuàng)建測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)，避免真實(shí)HTTP 請(qǐng)求。 3. 編寫有效測(cè)試：覆蓋正常和邊界情況，驗(yàn)證函數(shù)行為、鉤子觸發(fā)和短代碼輸出，保持測(cè)試獨(dú)立且專注。 4. 運(yùn)行與調(diào)試：在項(xiàng)目根目錄運(yùn)行phpunit 命令，定位失敗原因，可單獨(dú)運(yùn)行特定測(cè)試，建議集成到開發(fā)流程中。掌握後，單元測(cè)試將成為提升插件和主題質(zhì)量的可靠保障。

Writing unit tests for WordPress code isn't as mysterious as it might sound, but it does require a bit of setup and understanding of how WordPress structures its testing environment. The main tools you'll use are PHPUnit and the WordPress Test suite.

Setting Up Your Testing Environment

Before writing any tests, you need to get your environment ready. This includes installing PHPUnit and setting up a test WordPress install specifically for running tests.

• Make sure PHP and Composer are installed on your machine.
• Install PHPUnit globally or locally via Composer.
• Clone the wordpress-develop repository if you're working on core or plugin tests.
• Set up a database just for testing (you can use SQLite for faster local runs).
• Use wp scaffold if you're testing a plugin — this generates basic test files for you.

Once everything is in place, you can run phpunit from the command line to execute your tests.

Understanding WordPress Unit Test Structure

WordPress uses a base test class ( WP_UnitTestCase ) that you extend when writing your own tests. Each method in your test class should start with test_ , which tells PHPUnit it's a test case.

For example, if you're testing a function that formats post titles:

 class MyPluginTests extends WP_UnitTestCase {
    public function test_format_post_title_returns_trimmed_title() {
        $title = " Hello World! ";
        $expected = "Hello World!";
        $this->assertEquals($expected, format_post_title($title));
    }
}

This structure keeps things organized and makes it easier to see what each test is doing.

A few common practices:

• Always reset data between tests so one doesn't interfere with another.
• Use built-in WordPress factories to create posts, users, etc., like $post_id = $this->factory->post->create(); .
• Don't make real HTTP requests inside tests — mock them instead.

Writing Tests That Matter

It's easy to fall into the trap of testing only the happy path, but good tests also check edge cases. For instance, if your function expects an integer, try passing a string, null , or even an array.

Also, avoid writing tests that are too tightly coupled to implementation details. If you refactor your code later, those tests will break unnecessarily.

Here are a few types of tests worth including:

• Does the function behave correctly with valid input?
• What happens with invalid or unexpected input?
• Are hooks firing properly? (eg, checking if do_action('my_custom_hook') was triggered)
• Do shortcodes return the expected output?

Keep your tests focused — each should test one thing and fail for one reason.

Running and Debugging Tests

Once your tests are written, run them using the phpunit command from your project root. You'll see either green dots (tests passed) or red F's (failures).

If something fails:

• Read the error message carefully.
• Check if the test is actually testing what you think it is.
• Add temporary var_dump() or logging if needed (though keep it clean).
• Run a single test file or method by specifying its name: phpunit tests/test-myplugin.php .

You can also integrate tests into your development workflow by running them before committing or in CI pipelines.

基本上就這些。 It takes a little time to get used to, but once you start writing tests regularly, they become a safety net that helps you build better, more reliable WordPress plugins and themes.

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