是的，可以在單臺(tái)服務(wù)器上運(yùn)行多個(gè)PHP版本，通過(guò)PHP-FPM與Nginx或Apache配合實(shí)現(xiàn)；1. 安裝多個(gè)PHP版本的FPM包（如php7.4-fpm、php8.3-fpm）；2. 確保各FPM服務(wù)正常運(yùn)行；3. 在Nginx中為不同站點(diǎn)配置server塊，通過(guò)fastcgi_pass指向?qū)?yīng)的PHP-FPM套接字；4. 若使用Apache，則啟用mod_proxy_fcgi模塊，並在虛擬主機(jī)中通過(guò)SetHandler指定FPM套接字；5. 可通過(guò)update-alternatives切換CLI默認(rèn)版本或直接調(diào)用特定版本；6. 注意每個(gè)PHP版本需獨(dú)立安裝擴(kuò)展、管理OPcache、日誌文件和安全更新；該方法無(wú)需容器即可高效安全地實(shí)現(xiàn)多PHP版本共存，適用於生產(chǎn)環(huán)境。

Running multiple PHP versions on a single server isn't just possible—it's common. Whether you're maintaining legacy apps that require PHP 7.4 while developing new projects on PHP 8.3, or hosting multiple clients with different needs, managing multiple PHP environments efficiently is key. Here's how to do it smoothly without spinning up extra servers or containers.

Why Run Multiple PHP Versions?

Not all applications evolve at the same pace. A WordPress site might still depend on an old plugin incompatible with PHP 8, while your Laravel API uses the latest features from PHP 8.2 . Instead of forcing upgrades (which can break things), you can serve different sites with different PHP versions—on the same machine.

The good news? Modern web servers and PHP handlers make this manageable.

Use PHP-FPM with Nginx (or Apache)

The most flexible and widely used approach is pairing Nginx (or Apache) with PHP-FPM (FastCGI Process Manager). Each PHP version runs its own FPM pool, and your web server routes requests to the appropriate one based on the site.

Step-by-step setup (Ubuntu/Debian):

1. Install multiple PHP versions

   

    sudo apt install php7.4-fpm php8.0-fpm php8.1-fpm php8.2-fpm php8.3-fpm

   Each installs its own FPM service: php7.4-fpm , php8.3-fpm , etc.

2. Check FPM services

    sudo systemctl status php7.4-fpm
   sudo systemctl status php8.3-fpm

   They can all run simultaneously without conflict.

3. Configure Nginx server blocks

   For a site needing PHP 7.4:

    server {
       listen 80;
       server_name site-old.com;
       root /var/www/old-site;
   
       index index.php;
   
       location ~ \.php$ {
           include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
           fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
       }
   }

   For a modern app on PHP 8.3:

    server {
       listen 80;
       server_name site-new.com;
       root /var/www/new-app;
   
       index index.php;
   
       location ~ \.php$ {
           include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
           fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock;
       }
   }

4. Reload Nginx

    sudo nginx -t && sudo systemctl reload nginx

Each site now runs on its designated PHP version—no interference.

Managing Apache? Use mod_proxy_fcgi

If you're on Apache, mod_proxy_fcgi lets you proxy PHP requests to different FPM sockets.

Enable required modules:

 sudo a2enmod proxy_fcgi

Then in your virtual host:

 <VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName legacy-site.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/legacy

    <FilesMatch \.php$>
        SetHandler "proxy:unix:/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock|fcgi://localhost"
    </FilesMatch>
</VirtualHost>

Same principle: route .php files to the right FPM socket.

Switch CLI Version (Optional)

The system can only have one default php command. But you can switch it easily:

 sudo update-alternatives --config php

This lets you pick which version runs when you type php in the terminal. Useful for Composer or artisan commands.

Alternatively, call specific versions directly:

 php8.3 artisan migrate
php7.4 composer install

Bonus: Tools to Simplify Management

• phpbrew – Great for developers testing versions locally, less ideal for production.
• Docker – Ultimate isolation, but adds complexity. Overkill if you just need version-per-site.
• Plesk/cPanel – Some hosting control panels support multi-PHP out of the box.

But for most production servers, native PHP-FPM Nginx/Apache is lightweight and reliable.

Watch Out for These Gotchas

• Extensions must be installed per version : mysqli on PHP 8.3 doesn't mean it's on 7.4. Install them separately.
• OPcache is per-FPM pool : Each version has its own cache. Clear carefully.
• Log files are separate : Check /var/log/php7.4-fpm.log vs /var/log/php8.3-fpm.log .
• Security updates : Don't forget older versions. Even if it's legacy, patch it.

Basically, you're not stuck with one PHP version per server. With PHP-FPM and a smart web server config, you can juggle versions like a pro—safely, efficiently, and without containers. It's not flashy, but it works.

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