ss取代netstat的主要原因包括性能更優(yōu)、支持現(xiàn)代網(wǎng)絡功能，且具備更強的過濾能力。 ss直接從內核獲取信息，減少資源佔用，解析速度更快；它支持如TCP新特性等netstat無法處理的功能，並允許通過src、dst等參數(shù)進行精細化過濾。此外，ss可展示更詳細的連接狀態(tài)（如CLOSE-WAIT）、定時器及內存使用情況，有助於深入排查問題。儘管netstat兼容性更廣，但ss已成為現(xiàn)代Linux系統(tǒng)的首選工具。 1.ss性能更強，資源佔用少；2.ss支持現(xiàn)代網(wǎng)絡特性；3.ss提供更靈活的過濾選項；4.ss顯示信息更細緻；5.netstat仍適用於舊系統(tǒng)。

If you're trying to figure out what's going on with network connections on a Linux system, you've probably heard of both netstat and ss . They serve similar purposes, but there are some key differences that make one more suitable than the other depending on your needs.

Why ss is replacing netstat

You might have noticed that on newer Linux distributions, netstat isn't installed by default anymore. That's because it's considered deprecated in favor of ss (short for "socket statistics"). The main reason for this shift is performance — ss is faster and uses fewer system resources. It can access more detailed information directly from the kernel without having to parse through /proc , which makes it snappier especially on busy servers.

Another big reason is that ss supports modern networking features that netstat doesn't handle well or at all, like dealing with stateful sockets in newer TCP implementations.

How the command syntax differs

One of the first things you'll notice when switching from netstat to ss is the difference in command structure. netstat uses flags like -tuln to show TCP, UDP, listening ports, and numeric addresses. For example:

• netstat -tuln shows listening TCP and UDP ports in numeric format.

In ss , the equivalent is almost identical:

• ss -tuln does exactly the same thing.

However, ss offers more flexibility with filters. For instance, you can do something like:

• ss -t src 192.168.1.10 to show only TCP connections coming from a specific IP.
• ss dst :22 to list all connections going to port 22.

This filtering capability gives ss an edge over netstat , which requires additional tools like grep to achieve similar results.

What each tool shows and how it helps troubleshooting

Both commands give insight into socket connections, but ss digs deeper. It can show more granular socket states like CLOSE-WAIT , TIME-WAIT , and even allows inspecting internal kernel structures like TCP timers.

For example:

• If you're tracking down connection issues, ss -o will show timer states, which can help identify stalled or slow connections.
• With ss -m , you can see memory usage per socket — useful for debugging high-load network problems.

On the flip side, netstat still has broader compatibility. If you're working on older systems or embedded devices, you might not have ss available. In those cases, netstat remains a solid fallback.

So if you're starting fresh or updating your toolset, go with ss . It's faster, more flexible, and built for modern networking. But don't be surprised if you still run into netstat every now and then — old habits (and systems) die slowly.

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