在Laravel 中，web.php 用於處理需要會(huì)話和返回視圖的傳統(tǒng)網(wǎng)頁路由，而api.php 用於處理無狀態(tài)的API 請(qǐng)求。 1. web.php 面向?yàn)g覽器交互，返回HTML 頁面，依賴會(huì)話、CSRF 保護(hù)和Cookie；api.php 面向API 請(qǐng)求，使用令牌認(rèn)證，不依賴會(huì)話。 2. web.php 應(yīng)用web 中間件組，包含會(huì)話管理、CSRF 保護(hù)等；api.php 應(yīng)用api 中間件組，包含限流、JSON 解析等。 3. web.php 中的路由若涉及會(huì)話或閉包引用會(huì)話數(shù)據(jù)則無法緩存；api.php 路由因無狀態(tài)更易緩存。 4. api.php 默認(rèn)帶有/api 前綴，便於邏輯分離前後端路由；web.php 無默認(rèn)前綴。

In Laravel, the difference between web.php and api.php lies mainly in the type of routes they are intended for and the middleware applied to them by default.

1. Purpose: Web vs API Routes

web.php is meant for routes that serve HTML pages — basically, anything that involves user interaction through a browser. These routes usually return views and maintain session state, CSRF protection, and cookies.

api.php , on the other hand, is for stateless API routes — typically used for mobile apps, single-page applications (SPAs), or third-party services. These routes don't rely on sessions or cookies; instead, they often use tokens (like API keys or OAuth) for authentication.

2. Middleware Differences

Middleware is where the real distinction shows up.

• web.php routes automatically use the web middleware group , which includes:
  • Session management
  • CSRF protection
  • Cookie encryption
  • View sharing

This is all useful when building traditional web applications.

• api.php routes use the api middleware group , which includes:
  • Rate limiting (via throttle )
  • Request parsing for JSON
  • Stateless authentication (if configured)

These are helpful for handling HTTP requests that don't rely on sessions or cookies.

3. Route Caching Behavior

Another subtle but important difference has to do with route caching.

• Routes defined in web.php cannot be cached using php artisan route:cache if they rely on session-related features or closures that reference session data.
• api.php routes are generally easier to cache because they're usually stateless and use controller classes rather than closures.

So if you're building a large API and want to improve performance, defining routes in api.php can be more efficient.

4. URL Prefix and Organization

By default, Laravel prefixes API routes with /api — this is set in the RouteServiceProvider. So a route defined as /users in api.php becomes accessible at /api/users .

Web routes don't have a default prefix, so they map directly to your URL structure. This helps separate your frontend and backend routes logically.

Basically, the choice between web.php and api.php comes down to what kind of response you're returning and how the route will be used. Keep your frontend-facing, session-based routes in web.php , and your JSON-driven, stateless API endpoints in api.php .

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