組件繼承在Vue中通過extends關(guān)鍵字實(shí)現(xiàn)，允許子組件繼承父組件的屬性、方法和生命週期鉤子，並可選擇性覆蓋。 1. 使用extends選項(xiàng)定義繼承關(guān)係；2. 子組件可覆蓋父組件的data、methods等；3. 生命週期鉤子會(huì)合併執(zhí)行，模板若未重寫則沿用父級(jí)；4. 適用於多個(gè)組件共享邏輯但需微調(diào)時(shí)；5. 過度嵌套可能導(dǎo)致維護(hù)困難，此時(shí)可用mixins或Composition API替代。

Handling component inheritance in Vue is straightforward if you understand how the extends keyword works. Inheritance allows you to reuse logic and templates from a base component, making your code more organized and DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself). Here's how to do it effectively.

What is component inheritance in Vue?

Component inheritance in Vue means creating a new component that builds on top of an existing one. The child component inherits all the properties, methods, lifecycle hooks, and even templates from the parent component unless they're explicitly overridden.

This is especially useful when you have multiple components that share similar functionality but need slight variations — like different button styles or form fields with shared validation logic.

How to use extends for component inheritance

The main way to implement inheritance is by using the extends option in your component definition.

Here's a basic example:

 const BaseComponent = {
  data() {
    return {
      message: 'Hello from base component'
    }
  },
  methods: {
    sayHello() {
      console.log(this.message)
    }
  },
  template: `<div>{{ message }}</div>`
}

export default {
  extends: BaseComponent,
  // override or add new options
  data() {
    return {
      message: &#39;Hello from extended component&#39;
    }
  }
}

In this case:

• The extended component will display "Hello from extended component" because we overrode the message in data.
• It still has access to the sayHello() method from the base component.

You can extend not only objects but also full component files imported from other modules.

When should you use component inheritance?

Component inheritance is best used in these scenarios:

• You want to share logic and structure across several similar components.
• You're building a design system where certain UI elements inherit behavior from base components.
• You want to avoid repeating code in multiple places.

However, be careful not to overuse it. If your inheritance chain becomes too deep or complex, it can make debugging and maintenance harder.

A good rule of thumb: if two components share most of their logic and differ only slightly, inheritance might be a good fit.

Alternatives to inheritance: Mixins and Composition API

While extends is powerful, Vue offers other ways to share logic between components:

Mixins
Mixins let you inject reusable chunks of component options into multiple components. They are great for sharing methods, lifecycle hooks, or computed properties without creating a full inheritance chain.

 const sayHelloMixin = {
  methods: {
    sayHello() {
      console.log('Hello from mixin')
    }
  }
}

export default {
  mixins: [sayHelloMixin]
}

Composition API (Vue 3)
With the Composition API, you can extract shared logic into custom functions and import them wherever needed. This makes your code more modular and easier to test.

 // useSayHello.js
export function useSayHello() {
  function sayHello() {
    console.log('Hello from composition API')
  }
  return { sayHello }
}

// MyComponent.vue
import { useSayHello } from '@/composables/useSayHello'

export default {
  setup() {
    const { sayHello } = useSayHello()
    return { sayHello }
  }
}

These alternatives often offer more flexibility than inheritance, especially as your app scales.

A few things to watch out for

• Data functions are merged shallowly : If both the base and extended component define a data function, the child's version completely replaces the parent's.
• Lifecycle hooks are merged : Both parent and child hooks will run — parent first, then child.
• Template cannot be inherited directly : If you don't provide a template in the child, it will use the parent's. But once you define a new template, it replaces the inherited one.

Also, keep in mind that while inheritance works well for small-scale reuse, larger apps usually benefit more from patterns like mixins or the Composition API.

基本上就這些。

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