Go標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫的sort包提供了高效靈活的排序工具。首先，它內(nèi)置了對(duì)基本類型切片如整數(shù)、浮點(diǎn)數(shù)和字符串的排序支持，分別使用sort.Ints()、sort.Float64s()和sort.Strings()函數(shù)進(jìn)行升序排序；其次，對(duì)於結(jié)構(gòu)體或需要自定義排序規(guī)則的情況，可以使用sort.Slice()函數(shù)並提供一個(gè)比較函數(shù)，例如根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)體字段排序；最後，若需更複雜的控制，可以通過實(shí)現(xiàn)sort.Interface接口（包括Len()、Less()和Swap()方法）來自定義排序邏輯。此外，所有排序操作都是原地執(zhí)行，修改原始數(shù)據(jù)，並且底層算法結(jié)合了快速排序和堆排序以優(yōu)化性能。

The Go standard library's sort package provides efficient and flexible tools for sorting data. It comes with built-in support for sorting slices of basic types like integers, floats, and strings, and also allows you to define custom sorting logic for your own data structures.

Built-in Sorting for Basic Types

If you're working with slices of common types such as []int , []float64 , or []string , the sort package offers ready-to-use functions:

• sort.Ints()
• sort.Float64s()
• sort.Strings()

These functions sort the slice in place — meaning they modify the original slice directly.

For example:

 nums := []int{5, 2, 6, 3}
sort.Ints(nums)
// nums is now [2, 3, 5, 6]

They are simple and fast enough for most basic use cases where ascending order is desired.

Using sort.Slice for Custom Sorting

When dealing with slices of structs or when you need a custom sort order (like descending), the sort.Slice() function becomes useful. You pass in the slice and a comparison function that defines the order.

For instance, if you have a list of users and want to sort them by age:

 type User struct {
    Name string
    Age int
}

users := []User{
    {"Alice", 30},
    {"Bob", 25},
    {"Eve", 30},
}

sort.Slice(users, func(i, j int) bool {
    return users[i].Age < users[j].Age
})

This will sort the users slice by age in ascending order. If two users have the same age, their original order is preserved (this is called stable sorting).

You can also tweak the condition to sort in descending order:

 return users[i].Age > users[j].Age

Implementing sort.Interface for More Control

For more complex scenarios — especially when working with custom container types — you may want to implement the sort.Interface interface. This involves defining three methods:

• Len() int
• Less(i, j int) bool
• Swap(i, j int)

Once your type implements this interface, you can call sort.Sort(yourType) to sort it.

Here's how you might do that with a custom slice of structs:

 type ByAge []User

func (a ByAge) Len() int { return len(a) }
func (a ByAge) Less(i, j int) bool { return a[i].Age < a[j].Age }
func (a ByAge) Swap(i, j int) { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }

// Usage
sort.Sort(ByAge(users))

This method gives you full control over the sorting process and can be more reusable in larger programs.

A Few Notes on Performance and Behavior

• All functions in the sort package perform in-place sorting.
• The underlying algorithm is a hybrid of quicksort for small datasets and heapsort/pdqsort optimizations depending on the data, so performance is generally solid.
• If you want a copy of the original data after sorting, make sure to duplicate the slice before sorting it.

Also, remember that sort.Slice() is usually sufficient unless you need to reuse sorting logic across multiple places — in which case implementing sort.Interface makes sense.

基本上就這些。

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