C 17? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? C 17? ???? ????? ???????. Libstdc FS ????? (? : GCC ?? -LSTDC FS)? ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? ?????. 1. ??, is_regular_file ?? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ??????. 2. Create_directory? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? Create_directories? ???? ??? ????? ????. 3. directory_iterator? ???? ????? ?? ??? recursive_directory_iterator? ?? ??? ?????. 4. file_size? ?? ??? ?? ?? Chrono? ???? last_write_time ?? ??? ??????. 5. ?? ???, remove, remove_all? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ??????. 6. PATH ???? ?? ?? ?/???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????. ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? FileSystem_error ??? ???? ?? Try-Catch? ???? ? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????. ? ?????? C ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????.

C 17? ?? ? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ? <filesystem></filesystem> ?????? ?????. C 17 ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? API (? : POSIX ?? Windows API) ?? ?? ????? (? : ???)? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ?? std::filesystem ??? ???? ??? C ??? ?????? ?????.

std::filesystem ????? ??? ????.

• C 17? ???? ???? (? : GCC 8, Clang 7, MSVC 15.7)
• ?? ?? <filesystem></filesystem> ?????
• ??? ??? ????? ?? (? : LIBSTDC FS)

?? ??? ????? ??? (??? ??)

GCC??? stdc fs ???? ???? ? ?? ????.

 g -Std = C 17 Your_file.cpp -lstdc fs

Clang ? MSVC? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????.

?? ?? : ?? ?? ??

1. ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????.

 #include <iostream>
#include <filesystem>

?? ???? fs = std :: ?? ???;

int main () {
    fs :: ?? p = "example.txt";

    if (fs :: ensists (p)) {
        std :: cout << p << "?????. \ n";

        if (fs :: is_regular_file (p)) {
            std :: cout << p << "?? ?????. \ n";
        } else if (fs :: is_directory (p)) {
            std :: cout << p << "???? \ n";
        }
    } ? ?? {
        std :: cout << p << "???? ????. \ n";
    }

    ?? 0;
}

2. ????? ????

 if (fs :: create_directory ( "new_folder")) {
    std :: cout << "???? ??? ??????. \ n";
} ? ?? {
    std :: cout << "????? ?? ????? ???? ?????. \ n";
}

// ??? ???? ?? (C 17? ?? ???? ??, ?? ?? C 20 Create_Directories)
// ???? ?? ????.
fs :: create_directories ( "dir/subdir/subsubdir"); // ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ? ? ????.

?? : create_directory() ?? ?? ???? ? ???? create_directories() ?? ? ?? ?? ????? ????.

3. ????? ??? ?? ?????

 FS :: PATH DIR = ".";

for (const Auto & Entry : fs :: directory_iterator (dir)) {
    std :: cout << entry.path () << "\ n";
}

?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? recursive_directory_iterator ??????.

 for (const Auto & Entry : fs :: recursive_directory_iterator (dir)) {
    std :: cout << entry.path () << "\ n";
}

?? ??? ??? ? ?? ????.

 for (const Auto & Entry : fs :: directory_iterator (dir)) {
    if (Entrys.is_regular_file ()) {
        std :: cout << "?? :"<< entry.path (). filename () << "\ n";
    } else if (entry.is_directory ()) {
        std :: cout << "directory :"<< entry.path (). filename () << "\ n";
    }
}

4. ?? ??? ????

 if (fs :: is_regular_file (p)) {
    auto fsize = fs :: file_size (p);
    std :: cout << "?? ?? :"<< fsize << "byte \ n";

    ?? ?? = fs :: last_write_time (p);
    // ?? : ??? file_time_type?? ??? ??? ????? (?? ??).
}

file_time_type ? std::chrono ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ?????.

 #include <iomanip>

// ??? ? ?? ?? (?? ???? ??)
auto sctp = fs :: last_write_time (p);
std :: time_t cftime = std :: chrono :: system_clock :: to_time_t (
    std :: Chrono :: file_clock :: to_sys (sctp)
);
std :: cout << "??? ?? ?? :"<< std :: put_time (std :: localtime (& cftime), "%y-%m-%d%h :%m :%s") << "\ n";

?? : std::put_time ?? ???? (? : ?? ??? GCC)?? -std=c 20 ????? ? ?? ????.

5. ?? ?? ?? ? ??

 fs :: Rename ( "Old_name.txt", "new_name.txt");
fs :: ?? ( "dontanted_file.txt"); // ?? ?? ?? fs :: remove_all ( "some_directory"); // ????? ? ??? ?????

6. ?? ??

fs::path ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????.

 fs :: Path P = "/home/user/documents/report.txt";

std :: cout << "?? ?? :"<< p.root_path () << "\ n"; // / ?? C : \
std :: cout << "?? ???? :"<< p.parent_path () << "\ n"; ///?/???/??
std :: cout << "filename :"<< p.filename () << "\ n"; // report.txt
std :: cout << "?? :"<< p.extension () << "\ n"; // .txt
std :: cout << "?? ?? ?? ?? :"<< p.stem () << "\ n"; // ???

// ? ??? ? ?? fs :: path p2 = "/ home/ user"/ "documents"/ "file.txt";
std :: cout << "?? ?? :"<< p2 << "\ n";

/ ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? / \ ? ??? ?? ???? ????.

???? ?? ?? ??

• ?? ??? ??? : Windows??? UTF-8 ??? ???? ???? ?? ????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? (?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?).
• ?? ?? : ???? filesystem ??? ??? ?? ? ? ???,?? try-catch? ????? ?? ????.

 ???? {
    fs :: create_directory ( "test_dir");
} catch (const fs :: fileSystem_error & e) {
    std :: cerr << "?? ??? ?? :"<< e.what () << "\ n";
}

• ?? ?? : ? ????? ?? ?? ?? directory_iterator ????? ?? ??? status() ?? file_size() ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ? ????.

??? ? : ?? ????? ?? .cpp ??? ?????.

 #include <iostream>
#include <filesystem>

?? ???? fs = std :: ?? ???;

int main () {
    for (const Auto & Entry : fs :: directory_iterator ( ".")) {
        if (Entrys.is_regular_file () && entry.path (). Extension () == ".cpp") {
            std :: cout << enlic.path (). filename () << "\ n";
        }
    }
    ?? 0;
}

????? ?? ??. std::filesystem C ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????. Python? os.path ?? pathlib ?? ????? ??? ?? C ??????? ?? ??? ?????.

????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ? ??? ???? ?? ????.

? ??? C ?? ??? ????? ???? C 17? ?? ?????. ??? ??? PHP ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????!