<img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/000/000/000/173993023124148.jpg" class="lazy" alt="CSS Pseudo-classes: Styling Form Fields Based on Their Input " />
**Key Concepts: Styling Form Fields with CSS Pseudo-Classes**
This article explores CSS pseudo-classes specifically designed for styling form fields based on user input, field requirements, and enabled/disabled states. We'll cover how to leverage these selectors to enhance user experience and provide clear visual feedback.
<img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/000/000/000/173993023288237.jpg" class="lazy" alt="CSS Pseudo-classes: Styling Form Fields Based on Their Input " />
*This section is adapted from "CSS Master" by Tiffany B. Brown.*
Let's examine CSS pseudo-classes tailored for form fields and their inputs. These selectors enable styling based on input validity, required fields, and enabled/disabled status. These pseudo-classes are inherently form-specific, reducing the need for extensive scoping. However, targeted selectors remain beneficial for differentiating styling across various form control types.
**`:enabled` and `:disabled`**
These pseudo-classes target elements with or without the `disabled` HTML5 attribute. This applies to input controls (e.g., `<input>`, `<select>`, `<button>`), and `<fieldset>` elements. Form elements are enabled by default; the `disabled` attribute toggles this state. `:enabled` selects elements lacking the `disabled` attribute, while `:disabled` selects elements possessing it.
```css
button:disabled {
opacity: 0.5;
}
<<> 
? :required :optional
<<> required
<<>? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????
:required
input:required {
border: 1px solid #ffc107;
}
<<> 
? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? (?? ??, ?? ??)? ?????.
:optional
required <<>
select:optional {
border: 1px solid #ccc;
} <<> ? 
:checked ??? ?????.
<<>
[type=radio]:checked + label {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 1.1rem;
} ?
:in-range ?? ?? ? ?? :out-of-range
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