Python?? ??? SQLite ????? ??? ??

???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? SQLite? ? ??? ???? ??? ????. ? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? Python ??????? ?????.

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• SQLite ??????? ???? ?????.
• ??? ????? ??? ?????.
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---

1. ?????? ? ??? ??

SQLite ?????? ??? ???? books ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ? ??? ??, ??, ISBN, ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ????.

import sqlite3
import os

def create_library_database():
    """Creates the library database if it doesn't already exist."""
    db_name = "library.db"

    if not os.path.exists(db_name):
        print(f"Creating database: {db_name}")
        conn = sqlite3.connect(db_name)
        cursor = conn.cursor()
        cursor.execute('''
            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS books (
                id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
                title TEXT,
                author TEXT,
                isbn TEXT UNIQUE,
                published_date DATE,
                genre TEXT
            )
        ''')
        conn.commit()
        conn.close()
    else:
        print(f"Database already exists: {db_name}")

??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????.

create_library_database()

??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? library.db ??? ???? ????? ?????.

---

1. ??????? ?? ??

??? ??? ? isbn ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???. ??? ???? ???? ?? SQLite? INSERT OR IGNORE ?? ???????.

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def insert_book(book):
    """
    Inserts a book into the database. If a book with the same ISBN already exists,
    the insertion is ignored.
    """
    conn = sqlite3.connect("library.db")
    cursor = conn.cursor()

    try:
        # Insert the book. Ignore the insertion if the ISBN already exists.
        cursor.execute('''
            INSERT OR IGNORE INTO books (title, author, isbn, published_date, genre)
            VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
        ''', (book["title"], book["author"], book["isbn"], book["published_date"], book["genre"]))
        conn.commit()

        if cursor.rowcount == 0:
            print(f"The book with ISBN '{book['isbn']}' already exists in the database.")
        else:
            print(f"Book inserted: {book['title']} by {book['author']}")

    except sqlite3.Error as e:
        print(f"Database error: {e}")
    finally:
        conn.close()

? ??? INSERT OR IGNORE SQL ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???.

---

?3. ?? ?? ??

?????? ?? ???? insert_book ??? ???? ?????.

books = [
    {
        "title": "To Kill a Mockingbird",
        "author": "Harper Lee",
        "isbn": "9780061120084",
        "published_date": "1960-07-11",
        "genre": "Fiction"
    },
    {
        "title": "1984",
        "author": "George Orwell",
        "isbn": "9780451524935",
        "published_date": "1949-06-08",
        "genre": "Dystopian"
    },
    {
        "title": "Pride and Prejudice",
        "author": "Jane Austen",
        "isbn": "9781503290563",
        "published_date": "1813-01-28",
        "genre": "Romance"
    }
]

for book in books:
    insert_book(book)

---

? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????.

The book with ISBN '9780061120084' already exists in the database.
The book with ISBN '9780451524935' already exists in the database.
The book with ISBN '9781503290563' already exists in the database.

---

4. ?? ??

??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ????. ?? ??, ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????:

def fetch_all_books():
    conn = sqlite3.connect("library.db")
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM books")
    rows = cursor.fetchall()
    conn.close()
    return rows

books = fetch_all_books()
for book in books:
    print(book)

---

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?? Python ? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????. SQLite? INSERT OR IGNORE? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????.

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? ??? Python?? ??? SQLite ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ??? PHP ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????!