1. ??? ? ??: ??? ? ?? ??

• ???: ???? ??? ?????? ?????. ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??(??)? ??(???)? ?? ?? ?????.
• ??: ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????.

?:

class Dog:
    # The constructor method
    def __init__(self, name, breed):
        self.name = name  # Attribute
        self.breed = breed

    # Method (function in the class)
    def bark(self):
        print(f"{self.name} says woof!")

# Creating an object of the Dog class
dog1 = Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever")
dog1.bark()  # Output: Buddy says woof!

??? Dog? ???(???)??, dog1? ? ????? ??? ?????.

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2. ???: ?? ?? ?? ???

???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??(??? _ ?? __)? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ? ????.

?:

class BankAccount:
    def __init__(self, balance):
        self.__balance = balance  # Private attribute

    def deposit(self, amount):
        self.__balance += amount

    def get_balance(self):
        return self.__balance

account = BankAccount(100)
account.deposit(50)
print(account.get_balance())  # Output: 150

__balance? ?????? ??() ? get_balance() ???? ???? ???????.

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3. ??: ?? ??

??? ?? ???(??)? ?? ???(??)?? ??? ???? ??? ? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????.

?:

class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def make_sound(self):
        pass

class Dog(Animal):
    def make_sound(self):
        return "Woof!"

class Cat(Animal):
    def make_sound(self):
        return "Meow!"

dog = Dog("Buddy")
cat = Cat("Whiskers")
print(dog.make_sound())  # Output: Woof!
print(cat.make_sound())  # Output: Meow!

??? Dog? Cat? Animal? ?????. ?, ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ????.

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4. ???: ??? ?????, ??? ??

???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ????. ?? ? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????.

?:

class Shape:
    def area(self):
        pass

class Square(Shape):
    def __init__(self, side):
        self.side = side

    def area(self):
        return self.side * self.side

class Circle(Shape):
    def __init__(self, radius):
        self.radius = radius

    def area(self):
        return 3.14 * self.radius * self.radius

shapes = [Square(4), Circle(3)]
for shape in shapes:
    print(shape.area())

? ??? ??? ??? ??(area())? ?????? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ?????.

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5. ???: ??? ?? ???

???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ???. ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????(Python? abc ?? ??)? ???? ?????.

?:

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Vehicle(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def start_engine(self):
        pass

class Car(Vehicle):
    def start_engine(self):
        return "Car engine started!"

class Motorcycle(Vehicle):
    def start_engine(self):
        return "Motorcycle engine started!"

car = Car()
motorcycle = Motorcycle()
print(car.start_engine())        # Output: Car engine started!
print(motorcycle.start_engine())  # Output: Motorcycle engine started!

??? Vehicle? start_engine? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????. Car ? Motorcycle ???? ?? ??? ????? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ????.

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?? ?? ??? ???: OOP ??? ?? ??

???, ??, ???, ??? ? OOP ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????. ??, ??? ? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????.

???? '?? ???' ??? ?? ?? ?????. ??"

? ??? ?? ??? ?? Python? **?? ?? ?????(OOP)** ??? ??? ? ??? ???????.? ?? ?????. ??? ??? PHP ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????!