JavaScript? ?? ?? ?????(OOP) ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???????. -??? ????, ??, ???, ??? ? ???. ??? ?? ? ????? ?? ?? ??

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JavaScript?

??? ?? OOP(ES6?? ???)? ????? ?? OOP(JavaScript? OOP? ??? ?? ??)? ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????. ? ?????? ?? ??, ?? ????, ??, ???, ? ?? ?? OOP ??? ??? ???????. ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ?????.

1. ?? ??? ??

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?? ???? ??

????! JavaScript? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????

?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????. ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????(OOP)? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ????.

??? ??

?: ?? ??

// Assigning a function to a variable
const greet = function(name) {
  return `Hello, ${name}!`;
};

// Passing a function as an argument
function logGreeting(fn, name) {
  console.log(fn(name));
}

// Returning a function
function createMultiplier(multiplier) {
  return function(number) {
    return number * multiplier;
  };
}

logGreeting(greet, "John");  // Output: Hello, John!

const double = createMultiplier(2);
console.log(double(5));  // Output: 10

??:

??? ?? ?? ????? ??, ?? ? ??? ? ???
• ??? ??? ?????.

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?: ??? ????? ?? ??

class Greeter {
  constructor(name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  greet() {
    return `Hello, ${this.name}!`;
  }
}

// Logging greeting
class Logger {
  static logGreeting(greeter) {
    console.log(greeter.greet());
  }
}

// Using classes to demonstrate first-class functions
const greeter = new Greeter("John");
Logger.logGreeting(greeter); // Output: Hello, John!

??:

Greeter ???? ?? ??(?: logGreeting)? ??? ? ?? Greeting ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????.

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2. ?? ??? ????

??? ???? ?????

?? ???? ??? ? ????. ??? ????, ??? ????, ???? ??? ? ????.

??? ????? ??? ???? ?????

?? ???? ??? ? ????. ??? ?? ? ????:

• ??? ??
• ??? ???
• ???? ???
• ??? ?? ???? ??

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?: ?? ????

// Assigning a function to a variable
const greet = function(name) {
  return `Hello, ${name}!`;
};

// Passing a function as an argument
function logGreeting(fn, name) {
  console.log(fn(name));
}

// Returning a function
function createMultiplier(multiplier) {
  return function(number) {
    return number * multiplier;
  };
}

logGreeting(greet, "John");  // Output: Hello, John!

const double = createMultiplier(2);
console.log(double(5));  // Output: 10

??:

• ??? myCar ? yourCar? Car ?? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ????.

??? ?? ?? ??

?: ??? ????? ?? ????

class Greeter {
  constructor(name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  greet() {
    return `Hello, ${this.name}!`;
  }
}

// Logging greeting
class Logger {
  static logGreeting(greeter) {
    console.log(greeter.greet());
  }
}

// Using classes to demonstrate first-class functions
const greeter = new Greeter("John");
Logger.logGreeting(greeter); // Output: Hello, John!

??:

• ? ??? myCar? yourCar? Car ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ? ????.

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3. ??

??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ? ???? ?? ? ????.

??? ?? ?:

function Car(make, model) {
  this.make = make;
  this.model = model;

  this.startEngine = function() {
    console.log(`${this.make} ${this.model} engine started.`);
  };
}

const myCar = new Car("Toyota", "Corolla");
const yourCar = new Car("Tesla", "Model 3");

// Passing instance as an argument
function showCarDetails(car) {
  console.log(`Car: ${car.make} ${car.model}`);
}

showCarDetails(myCar);  // Output: Car: Toyota Corolla

????? ?? ?:

class Car {
  constructor(make, model) {
    this.make = make;
    this.model = model;
  }

  startEngine() {
    console.log(`${this.make} ${this.model} engine started.`);
  }
}

const myCar = new Car("Toyota", "Corolla");
const yourCar = new Car("Tesla", "Model 3");

// Passing instance as an argument
function showCarDetails(car) {
  console.log(`Car: ${car.make} ${car.model}`);
}

showCarDetails(myCar);  // Output: Car: Toyota Corolla

??:

• ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??, ????? ?? ??? Object.create? ???? ??? ?????.

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4. ???

???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ???, ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ????.

??? ?? ?:

class Animal {
  constructor(name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  speak() {
    console.log(`${this.name} makes a sound.`);
  }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
  speak() {
    console.log(`${this.name} barks.`);
  }
}

const myDog = new Dog("Buddy");
myDog.speak();  // Output: Buddy barks.

????? ?? ?:

function Animal(name) {
  this.name = name;
}

Animal.prototype.speak = function() {
  console.log(`${this.name} makes a sound.`);
};

function Dog(name) {
  Animal.call(this, name);  // Inherit properties
}

Dog.prototype = Object.create(Animal.prototype);  // Inherit methods
Dog.prototype.constructor = Dog;

Dog.prototype.speak = function() {
  console.log(`${this.name} barks.`);
};

const myDog = new Dog("Buddy");
myDog.speak();  // Output: Buddy barks.

??:

• ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ????.

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5. ???

???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????. JavaScript??? ??? ?? OOP?? ???? ??(# ??)? ????? ????? ?? OOP

?? ???? ???? ?? ?????.

??? ?? ?:

class Animal {
  speak() {
    console.log("Animal makes a sound.");
  }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
  speak() {
    console.log("Dog barks.");
  }
}

class Cat extends Animal {
  speak() {
    console.log("Cat meows.");
  }
}

const animals = [new Dog(), new Cat()];

animals.forEach(animal => animal.speak());
// Output:
// Dog barks.
// Cat meows.

????? ?? ?:

function Animal() {}

Animal.prototype.speak = function() {
  console.log("Animal makes a sound.");
};

function Dog() {}

Dog.prototype = Object.create(Animal.prototype);
Dog.prototype.speak = function() {
  console.log("Dog barks.");
};

function Cat() {}

Cat.prototype = Object.create(Animal.prototype);
Cat.prototype.speak = function() {
  console.log("Cat meows.");
};

const animals = [new Dog(), new Cat()];
animals.forEach(animal => animal.speak());
// Output:
// Dog barks.
// Cat meows.

??:

• ??? ?? ???? ??? ??(ES6? ???)? ???? ???? ??? ??, ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????.

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6. ???

???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????. ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ? ????.

??? ?? ?:

// Assigning a function to a variable
const greet = function(name) {
  return `Hello, ${name}!`;
};

// Passing a function as an argument
function logGreeting(fn, name) {
  console.log(fn(name));
}

// Returning a function
function createMultiplier(multiplier) {
  return function(number) {
    return number * multiplier;
  };
}

logGreeting(greet, "John");  // Output: Hello, John!

const double = createMultiplier(2);
console.log(double(5));  // Output: 10

????? ?? ?:

class Greeter {
  constructor(name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  greet() {
    return `Hello, ${this.name}!`;
  }
}

// Logging greeting
class Logger {
  static logGreeting(greeter) {
    console.log(greeter.greet());
  }
}

// Using classes to demonstrate first-class functions
const greeter = new Greeter("John");
Logger.logGreeting(greeter); // Output: Hello, John!

??:

• ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????.

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??

JavaScript?? ??? ??? ????? ?? OOP? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ? ????, ??, ???, ??? ? ???? ? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ? ?? ?? ?????.

?? ??? ?? ??(ES6? ???)? ?? OOP ??? ???? ????? ? ?? ?? ??? ??, ????? ?? ?? ??? JavaScript? ? ?????. ???? ??.

? ?????? ?? OOP ??? ?? ??, ?? ????, ??, ???, ??? ? ??? — ? ???? ???? ??? ? ????. ???? ???? ?????? ???? JavaScript? ???? ??? ???? OOP? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ?????.

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? ??? JavaScript OOP ??: ??? ?? vs. ????? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ??? PHP ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????!