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How to Profile a Java Application for Performance Bottlenecks

Choosetherightprofilerbasedonenvironmentandneeds,suchasVisualVMorJFRforbeginnersandlocaltesting,andAsync-ProfilerorJProfilerforproductionordeepanalysis.2.ProfileCPUusagebyattachingtheprofiler,runningarepresentativeworkload,andidentifyingmethodswithhi

Jul 30, 2025 am 02:32 AM

java Performance analysis

A Comprehensive Guide to Java 8 Streams and Lambdas

The two core features of Java8 are Lambda expressions and StreamAPI, which make the code more concise, readable and functional. 1. Lambda expressions are anonymous functions, used to simplify the implementation of functional interfaces, such as replacing the anonymous class of Comparator with (a,b)->a.compareTo(b); 2. StreamAPI provides declarative data processing pipelines and supports chain operations, such as filter, map, reduce, etc.; 3. Intermediate operations (such as filter, map) are lazy, and terminal operations (such as forEach, collect) trigger execution; 4. Common patterns include filter mapping, flatMap flattening, and red

Jul 30, 2025 am 02:28 AM

How to convert an Array to a List in Java?

Converting an array into a list in Java requires selecting methods based on the data type and requirements. ① Use Arrays.asList() to quickly convert an object array (such as String[]) into a fixed-size List, but elements cannot be added or deleted; ② If you need a mutable list, you can encapsulate the result of Arrays.asList() through the ArrayList constructor; ③ For basic type arrays (such as int[]), you need to use StreamAPI conversion, such as Arrays.stream().boxed().collect(Collectors.toList()); ④ Notes include avoiding null arrays, distinguishing basic types from object types, and explicitly returning columns

Jul 30, 2025 am 01:54 AM

java

Understanding `Comparable` vs. `Comparator` in Java

Comparabledefinesaclass'snaturalorderingbyimplementingcompareTointheclassitself,whileComparatorprovidesflexible,externalcustomsortinglogicthroughcompare;1.UseComparableforonedefaultsortorder,2.UseComparatorformultipleorconditionalsorts,3.UseComparato

Jul 30, 2025 am 01:53 AM

Building a GraphQL API with Java and Spring for GraphQL

Create a project using SpringInitializr and add SpringforGraphQL dependencies; 2. Define GraphQLschema in the schema.graphqls file; 3. Create Book record class as data model; 4. Implement query parser with @Controller and @QueryMapping; 5. Start the application and test the query through http://localhost:8080/graphql; 6. Enable GraphiQL in the configuration file to use interactive UI; 7. Optionally add Mutation in the schema and implement changes with @MutationMapping

Jul 30, 2025 am 01:50 AM

Writing a High-Performance TCP Server in Java

To build a high-performance Java TCP server, you should use the Netty framework instead of the original NIO; 1. Use Netty's event loop group to manage connections and I/O; 2. Use efficient serialization such as Protobuf to avoid Java native serialization; 3. Enable backpressure control to prevent buffer overflow through Channel.isWritable(); 4. Reuse objects and PooledByteBufAllocator to reduce GC; 5. Configure TCP options such as TCP_NODELAY and appropriate buffer size to reduce latency; combine stress testing and monitoring to ensure low latency and high throughput, and ultimately achieve efficient processing of tens of thousands of concurrent connections.

Jul 30, 2025 am 01:42 AM

java tcp server

Advanced Error Handling Patterns in Java Microservices

Defineacustomexceptionhierarchytomakeerrorsself-documentingandenableprecisehandling;2.Use@ControllerAdviceforcentralized,consistenterrorresponseformatting;3.ApplytheCircuitBreakerpatternwithResilience4jtopreventcascadingfailures;4.Implementretrywithb

Jul 30, 2025 am 01:42 AM

Understanding Java CompletableFuture Error Handling

The exception handling of CompletableFuture requires active capture. The main methods include: 1. Use exceptionally() to provide default value protection; 2. Use handle() to check results or exceptions at each step and handle them; 3. WhenComplete() is used to record logs or clean resources but do not change the results. Unlike synchronous exceptions, exceptions in asynchronous tasks will be encapsulated and will not be thrown until the call to join() or get() is called. If not processed, it will cause silence failure. In addition, missing intermediate exception handling in chain calls and not traversing exceptions when combining multiple tasks will cause problems. It is recommended to use handle() to control the process in a unified manner and check the exception logic for the combined tasks one by one.

Jul 30, 2025 am 01:41 AM

Containerizing Java Applications with Docker and Kubernetes

TocontainerizeaJavaapplication,createaDockerimageusingaminimalbaseimagelikeopenjdk:17-jre-alpine,copythepre-builtJARfileintotheimage,exposetherequiredport(e.g.,8080),anddefinetheentrypointwithjava-jar,ensuringtheJARisbuiltoutsidetheDockerbuildprocess

Jul 30, 2025 am 01:39 AM

Java Native Interface (JNI) Explained

JNIenablesJavatointeractwithnativecodeforaccessingsystemresources,improvingperformance,orreusingexistinglibraries;1)WriteJavawithnativemethodsandloadthelibrary;2)GenerateaC/C headerusingjavac-h;3)ImplementthenativemethodinC/C usingJNIEnvtointerface

Jul 30, 2025 am 01:39 AM

Implementing a Circuit Breaker Pattern in a Java Application

Use Resilience4j to achieve the circuit breaker mode, which is lightweight and complete in function; 2. Configure YAML to define failure threshold, window size and recovery time; 3. Annotate the marking method with @CircuitBreaker and specify fallback logic; 4. Manual implementation is only used for learning, and the production environment must use mature libraries to avoid thread safety issues; 5. Combining monitoring, reasonable parameter adjustment and fallback strategies to improve system resilience, ensure that no crashes are caused when relying on failures, and ultimately keep the application running stably.

Jul 30, 2025 am 01:32 AM

java 斷路器模式

Java and the Internet of Things (IoT): A Practical Guide

JavaisaviableandpowerfuloptionforIoTapplications,particularlyondeviceslikeRaspberryPiorindustrialgatewaysthatcanrunLinuxandhavesufficientmemory.1.ItsplatformindependenceviatheJVMallowscodetorunacrossdiversehardware.2.Java’srobustecosystemoffersmature

Jul 30, 2025 am 01:27 AM

java iot

Asynchronous Java: CompletableFuture vs Project Reactor

CompletableFuture is suitable for simple asynchronous tasks, and Reactor is suitable for complex responsive data flows; 1. When using CompletableFuture, when using external services in traditional SpringMVC, fine-grained thread control or integrated blocking APIs; 2. When using ProjectReactor, when building a high-throughput non-blocking system, processing data flows, requiring backpressure support, or already using SpringWebFlux; 3. The two can be rotated together, but hybrid architectures should be avoided to maintain clarity, and the final choice depends on application complexity and performance requirements.

Jul 30, 2025 am 01:26 AM

Getting Started with gRPC in a Java Microservices Architecture

Use gRPC to improve Java microservice performance; 2. Define strong contracts through .proto files; 3. Configure gRPC dependencies with Maven and generate code; 4. Implement gRPC server logic; 5. Call services from the client; 6. TLS, error handling, service discovery and observability must be enabled in the production environment. Follow the steps to quickly build an efficient and type-safe microservice communication system.

Jul 30, 2025 am 01:04 AM

java grpc