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Home php教程 php手冊 使用無限生命期Session的方法(轉)

使用無限生命期Session的方法(轉)

Jun 21, 2016 am 09:12 AM
cookie php session

session

使用無限生命期Session的方法

本文不敢說非常好,但是筆者相信大多數PHPer都曾經想過這些問題。

使用無限生命期Session的方法
在PHP4.0中加入了對Session的支持,方便了我們很多程序,比如購物車等等!
在很多論壇中,Session也用于處理用戶的登陸,記錄下用戶名和密碼,使得用戶不必每次都輸入自己的用戶名和密碼!但是一般的Session的生命期有限,如果用戶關閉了瀏覽器,就不能保存Session的變量了!那么怎么樣可以實現Session的永久生命期呢?
大家知道,Session儲存在服務器端,根據客戶端提供的SessionID來得到這個用戶的文件,然后讀取文件,取得變量的值,SessionID可以使用客戶端的Cookie或者Http1.1協(xié)議的Query_String(就是訪問的URL的“?”后面的部分)來傳送給服務器,然后服務器讀取Session的目錄……

要實現Session的永久生命期,首先需要了解一下php.ini關于Session的相關設置(打開php.ini文件,在“[Session]”部分):
1、session.use_cookies:默認的值是“1”,代表SessionID使用Cookie來傳遞,反之就是使用Query_String來傳遞;
2、session.name:這個就是SessionID儲存的變量名稱,可能是Cookie,也可能是Query_String來傳遞,默認值是“PHPSESSID”;
3、session.cookie_lifetime:這個代表SessionID在客戶端Cookie儲存的時間,默認是0,代表瀏覽器一關閉SessionID就作廢……就是因為這個所以Session不能永久使用!
4、session.gc_maxlifetime:這個是Session數據在服務器端儲存的時間,如果超過這個時間,那么Session數據就自動刪除!
還有很多的設置,不過和本文相關的就是這些了,下面開始講使用永久Session的原理和步驟。

前面說過,服務器通過SessionID來讀取Session的數據,但是一般瀏覽器傳送的SessionID在瀏覽器關閉后就沒有了,那么我們只需要人為的設置SessionID并且保存下來,不就可以……
如果你擁有服務器的操作權限,那么設置這個非常非常的簡單,只是需要進行如下的步驟:
1、把“session.use_cookies”設置為1,打開Cookie儲存SessionID,不過默認就是1,一般不用修改;
2、把“session.cookie_lifetime”改為正無窮(當然沒有正無窮的參數,不過999999999和正無窮也沒有什么區(qū)別);
3、把“session.gc_maxlifetime”設置為和“session.cookie_lifetime”一樣的時間;
設置完畢后,打開編輯器,輸入如下的代碼:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

session_start();
session_register('count');
$count++;
echo $count;
?>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
然后保存為“session_check.php”,用瀏覽器打開“session_check.php”,看看顯示的是不是“1”,再關閉瀏覽器,然后再打開瀏覽器訪問“session_check.php”,如果顯示“2”,那么恭喜了,你已經成功;如果失敗的話,請檢查你前面的設置。

但是如果你沒有服務器的操作權限,那就比較麻煩了,你需要通過PHP程序改寫SessionID來實現永久的Session數據保存。查查php.net的函數手冊,可以見到有“session_id”這個函數:如果沒有設置參數,那么將返回當前的SessionID,如果設置了參數,就會將當前的SessionID設置為給出的值……
只要利用永久性的Cookie加上“session_id”函數,就可以實現永久Session數據保存了!
但是為了方便,我們需要知道服務器設置的“session.name”,但是一般用戶都沒有權限查看服務器的php.ini設置,不過PHP提供了一個非常好的函數“phpinfo”,利用這個可以查看幾乎所有的PHP信息!
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PHP相關信息顯示

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
打開編輯器,輸入上面的代碼,然后在瀏覽器中運行這個程序,會見到PHP的相關信息(如圖1所示)。其中有一項“session.name”的參數(圖中已經標出),這個就是我們需要的服務器“session.name”,一般是“PHPSESSID”。
記下了SessionID的名稱后,我們就可以實現永久的Session數據儲存了!
打開編輯器,輸入下面的代碼:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

session_start(); // 啟動Session
session_register('count'); // 注冊Session變量Count
if(isset($PHPSESSID)) {
session_id($PHPSESSID);
} // 如果設置了$PHPSESSID,就將SessionID賦值為$PHPSESSID,否則生成SessionID
$PHPSESSID = session_id(); // 取得當前的SessionID
$count++; // 變量count加1
setcookie('PHPSESSID', $PHPSESSID, time()+3156000); // 儲存SessionID到Cookie中
echo $count; // 顯示Session變量count的值
?>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

保存之后,利用和剛才擁有服務器權限時候的檢測一樣的方法,檢測是否成功的保存了SessionID。


后記:
其實真正的永久儲存是不可能的,因為Cookie的保存時間有限,而服務器的空間也有限……但是對于一些需要保存時間比較長的站點,以上方法就已經足夠了!關于Session的其他應用,可以參見zphp.com的文章。
最后,筆者的調試環(huán)境:Windows98DigExt(SE)+Apache+PHP 4.04。?



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