What are access control filters in Yii?
Aug 01, 2025 am 06:10 AM
Access control in Yii2 is managed using the AccessControl filter, which secures controller actions based on user roles or authentication status. 1. It is implemented by overriding the behaviors() method in a controller and defining access rules. 2. Each rule specifies whether to allow or deny access, which actions apply, and who the rule applies to using roles like '@' for authenticated users, '?' for guests, or custom roles like 'admin'. 3. Multiple rules can be stacked, with later rules overriding earlier ones if conditions overlap. 4. For advanced needs, RBAC integration allows dynamic role management through a database using AuthManager, enabling non-developers to manage permissions without code changes.
Access control filters in Yii are a built-in mechanism for managing user permissions and securing specific actions within a controller. They let you define rules about who can access certain parts of your application, like requiring login or checking roles before allowing access.
How to Use AccessControl in Yii2
Yii2 provides the yii\filters\AccessControl filter, which is commonly used in controllers to manage access based on user roles or other conditions.
You apply it by overriding the behaviors() method in your controller:
use yii\filters\AccessControl;
public function behaviors()
{
return [
'access' => [
'class' => AccessControl::class,
'rules' => [
// Define your access rules here
],
],
];
}Each rule inside 'rules' can specify which actions are allowed or denied, and under what conditions — like requiring a logged-in user or checking for admin privileges.
Writing Rules for Access Control
Rules are the heart of access control filters. You define them as an array inside the 'rules' key.
Here’s a breakdown of a basic rule:
[
'allow' => true, // Allow access
'roles' => ['@'], // For authenticated users
'actions' => ['create', 'update'],
]'allow': Whether this rule allows or denies access.'actions': Which controller actions this rule applies to.'roles': Who this rule applies to. Common values:'?'– guests (not logged in)'@'– authenticated users- Custom roles like
'admin'or'editor'if you're using RBAC or another auth system
You can stack multiple rules. Later rules override earlier ones if they match the same condition.
For example, if you want to allow all users to view posts but only admins to edit them:
[
[
'allow' => true,
'actions' => ['index', 'view'],
'roles' => ['?', '@'],
],
[
'allow' => true,
'actions' => ['update', 'delete'],
'roles' => ['admin'],
],
]This makes it easy to layer access logic without writing complex custom checks in every action.
Combining with RBAC for More Flexibility
If your app has more advanced permission needs, like different user types or dynamic roles, Yii's Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) works well with AccessControl.
With RBAC enabled, you can assign roles and permissions programmatically or via a UI if you build one. Then, in your access rules, just refer to those role names:
'roles' => ['author', 'admin']
This lets you manage permissions outside of code — useful when roles might change over time or be managed by non-developers.
To use RBAC, you need to set up the RBAC manager (AuthManager) in your config, usually DbManager for database storage.
Once that’s done, you can create roles and assign them to users. Then your access rules become much more powerful and maintainable.
That’s how access control filters work in Yii — they give you a clean, centralized way to handle permissions per controller or action. With some basic rules and optional RBAC integration, it's not too hard to secure your app properly.
The above is the detailed content of What are access control filters in Yii?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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