When encountering a "ConnectionRefused" error, the most direct meaning is that the target host or service you are trying to connect to explicitly reject your request. 1. Check whether the target service is running, log in to the target machine to check the service status using systemctlstatus or psaux, and start manually if it is not started; 2. Confirm whether the port is listening correctly, use netstat or ss command to check whether the service is listening to the correct port, modify the configuration file if necessary and restart the service; 3. Firewall and security group settings may cause connection denied, check the local firewall rules and cloud platform security group configuration, and temporarily close the firewall during testing; 4. IP address or DNS resolution errors may also cause problems, use ping or

Enabling KeepAlive can significantly improve website performance, especially for pages that load multiple resources. It reduces connection overhead and speeds up page loading by keeping the browser and server connection open. If the site uses a large number of small files, has duplicate visitors, or attaches importance to performance optimization, KeepAlive should be enabled. When configuring, you need to pay attention to setting a reasonable timeout time and number of requests, and test and verify its effect. Different servers such as Apache, Nginx, etc. all have corresponding configuration methods, and you need to pay attention to compatibility issues in HTTP/2 environments.

To debug .htaccess rewrite rules, first make sure that the server supports it and mod_rewrite is enabled; secondly, use the log to track the request process; finally test the rules one by one and pay attention to common pitfalls. Troubleshooting the environment configuration is the first step. Apache users need to run sudoa2enmodrewrite, change AllowOverrideNone to All, and restart the service; virtual host users can test whether the file is read by adding spam content. Use the LogLevel directive to enable logs (such as LogLevelalertrewrite:trace3) to view the detailed rewrite process, but only for the test environment. When debugging rules, all rules should be commented, and enabled one by one.

ToenableOCSPstaplinginApache,ensureyoumeettheprerequisitesandconfigurethenecessarydirectives.First,confirmyouareusingApache2.4.1ornewerwithmod_sslenabled,OpenSSL0.9.8hornewer,andhaveavalidSSLcertificateinstalled.Next,edityourApacheSSLvirtualhostconfi

The mod_proxy_wstunnel module is the key to Apache's handling of WebSocket connections, which ensures that requests are correctly forwarded to the backend and the connection is constantly opened. 1. First enable the mod_proxy and mod_proxy_wstunnel modules, and restart the Apache service; 2. Use the ws:// or wss:// protocol when configuring VirtualHost to ensure path matching; 3. Add the RequestHeader to set Upgrade and Connection headers to support protocol switching; 4. Configure valid certificates and point to the wss:// address when using SSL/TLS; 5. Test through browser console, wscat and other tools

Enable HSTS to force browsers to access websites through HTTPS, improving security. 1. To enable HTTPS in Apache, you must first configure HTTPS, and then add Strict-Transport-Security response header in the site configuration file or .htaccess; 2. To configure max-age (such as 31536000 seconds), includeSubDomains and preload parameters; 3. Make sure that the mod_headers module is enabled, otherwise run sudoa2enmodheaders and restart Apache; 4. You can optionally submit to the HSTSPreload list, but it must satisfy that both the main site and the subdomain support HTTPS.

To improve Apache performance, optimize configuration parameters are required. 1. Adjust KeepAlive parameters: Enable MaxKeepAliveRequests and set to 500 or higher, and set KeepAliveTimeout to 2~3 seconds to reduce connection overhead. 2. Configure the MPM module: Set StartServers, MinSpareServers, MaxSpareServers and MaxClients in prefork mode; set ThreadsPerChild and MaxRequestWorkers in event or worker mode to avoid excessive load. 3. Control memory usage: based on the memory usage of a single process

To improve Apache security, we need to start from module management, permission control, SSL encryption, log monitoring, etc. 1. Close unnecessary modules such as mod_imap, mod_info, etc., and make use of the LoadModule line and restart the service to take effect; 2. Set the root directory permissions to 755 or below, restrict write permissions, and disable directory traversal and script execution in the configuration; 3. Enable HTTPS, use Let'sEncrypt certificate and disable the old version of the protocol and weak encryption suite; 4. Check the access and error logs regularly, combine fail2ban to block abnormal IP, and use IP restrictions on sensitive paths.