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Table of Contents
What is Accessor
What is Mutator (Modifier)
Usage scenarios and suggestions
Small details: How to deal with combined fields?
Home PHP Framework Laravel What are Accessors and Mutators in Laravel Eloquent?

What are Accessors and Mutators in Laravel Eloquent?

Jul 28, 2025 am 04:30 AM
laravel eloquent

Accessor is used to format data when obtaining attributes, such as capitalization; Mutator is used to set the attributes before processing data, such as encryption password. For example: 1. Accessor uses the get{AttributeName}Attribute method to modify the display when reading the field, such as ucfirst processing the name; 2. Mutator uses the set{AttributeName}Attribute method to convert data before saving the field, such as bcrypt encryption password; 3. It can be used in scenarios such as time formatting, splicing fields, cleaning input, etc., and can be used to multiplex logic through Trait. Combined fields need to be added to the $appends array to support JSON output.

What are Accessors and Mutators in Laravel Eloquent?

In Laravel's Eloquent ORM, Accessors and Mutators are two very practical features that allow you to format and process the properties of your model. Simply put:

What are Accessors and Mutators in Laravel Eloquent?
  • Accessors is used to process when obtaining attributes
  • Mutators are used to process before setting property values

For example, if you want to convert the username stored in the database to uppercase display, or automatically encrypt it before saving the password, you can use these two functions.


What is Accessor

When you get a property value from the model, Eloquent can automatically do some formatting operations through the accessor. It does not change the original data in the database, but only affects the result when you read the attribute in your code.

What are Accessors and Mutators in Laravel Eloquent?

For example, suppose your user table has a first_name field, and you want to automatically capitalize the first letter when fetching:

 public function getFirstNameAttribute($value)
{
    return ucfirst($value);
}

In this way, every time you use $user->first_name , the returned version is capitalized.

What are Accessors and Mutators in Laravel Eloquent?

Note: The method name of the accessor must follow the get{AttributeName}Attribute format, where {AttributeName} is the attribute name and uses camel nomenclature.


What is Mutator (Modifier)

Mutator works when you assign values to model properties and is usually used to convert or process data before saving to the database.

For example, you want to automatically hash encryption before saving the user's password:

 public function setPasswordAttribute($value)
{
    $this->attributes['password'] = bcrypt($value);
}

In this way, no matter whether you pass in a plaintext or an encrypted string, it will be processed by bcrypt() before being stored in the database.

Similarly, the Mutator method name must follow set{AttributeName}Attribute format.


Usage scenarios and suggestions

Here are some common actual scenarios for using Accessor and Mutator:

  • Format timestamp : For example, display created_at as a more friendly format
  • Automatic encryption sensitive fields : such as password, ID number, etc.
  • Splicing fields : For example, combining first_name and last_name to complete the name
  • Clean the input content : such as removing unnecessary spaces and filtering illegal characters

Some tips:

  • If multiple fields require similar processing, consider encapsulating them into Trait or helper functions
  • Avoid performing time-consuming operations in Accessor/Mutator, which can affect performance
  • Do not process the same field repeatedly, as it can easily cause logical confusion

Small details: How to deal with combined fields?

For example, if you want $user->full_name to return first_name last_name , you can do this:

 public function getFullNameAttribute()
{
    return "{$this->first_name} {$this->last_name}";
}

At this time, although there is no full_name field in the database, you can still access this "virtual property" through $user->full_name .

In addition, if you want this field to appear in the model's JSON output, remember to add it to the $appends property:

 protected $appends = ['full_name'];

Basically that's it. Accessors and Mutators don't seem complicated, but they are very useful in actual development and can help you keep your code clean and logical. Just be careful not to abuse them, they are a good helper for your model layer.

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