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Table of Contents
What firstOrCreate Does
When to Use updateOrCreate
Common Gotchas and Tips
Home PHP Framework Laravel Using Eloquent `firstOrCreate` and `updateOrCreate` methods in Laravel.

Using Eloquent `firstOrCreate` and `updateOrCreate` methods in Laravel.

Jul 19, 2025 am 02:11 AM
laravel eloquent

In Laravel's Eloquent ORM, firstOrCreate and updateOrCreate are used to simplify database operations. 1. firstOrCreate is used to retrieve or create records: find records based on the specified attributes, and create them if none. This is suitable for ensuring that the record exists and no existing data needs to be updated; 2. updateOrCreate is used to retrieve and update or create records: if a matching record is found, its fields will be updated, otherwise a new record will be created, which is suitable for synchronizing external data sources or ensuring that the fields are latest; when using it, you need to pay attention to details such as field permissions ($fillable/$guarded), timestamp processing, performance (implicitly two queries), event triggering, etc.

Using Eloquent `firstOrCreate` and `updateOrCreate` methods in Laravel.

When working with Laravel's Eloquent ORM, there are times when you want to either retrieve a record or create it if it doesn't exist. That's where firstOrCreate and updateOrCreate come in handy. Both methods help reduce boilerplate code while handling common database operations efficiently.

Using Eloquent `firstOrCreate` and `updateOrCreate` methods in Laravel.

What firstOrCreate Does

This method tries to find the first record matching the given attributes. If none is found, it creates a new one using those attributes (and optionally additional values).

For example:

Using Eloquent `firstOrCreate` and `updateOrCreate` methods in Laravel.
 User::firstOrCreate(
    ['email' => 'john@example.com'],
    ['name' => 'John Doe', 'age' => 30]
);

In this case, Laravel will look for a user with that email. If found, it returns the existing model. If not, it creates a new one with name and age included.

Use firstOrCreate when:

Using Eloquent `firstOrCreate` and `updateOrCreate` methods in Laravel.
  • You want to ensure a record exists.
  • You don't need to update any fields if the record already exists.

Keep in mind: the first array is used for searching, the second for creating. Don't mix up which fields go where — search fields should be in the first array.

When to Use updateOrCreate

If you want to either update an existing record or create it if it doesn't exist, use updateOrCreate . It works similarly to firstOrCreate , but instead of only creating when missing, it also updates the matched record with the provided values.

Example:

 User::updateOrCreate(
    ['email' => 'jane@example.com'],
    ['name' => 'Jane Smith', 'age' => 25, 'active' => true]
);

Here, Laravel looks for a user with that email. If found, it updates all the fields in the second array. If not found, it creates a new record with all those fields.

This is useful when:

  • You're syncing data from an external source.
  • You want to make sure certain fields are always up-to-date.
  • You want to avoid multiple queries (check, then update or insert).

One thing to note: this method will overwrite any existing values in the database with what's in the second array, so be careful not to accidentally reset fields unless intended.

Common Gotchas and Tips

There are a few things people often miss when using these methods:

  • Mass assignment protection : Make sure the fields you're inserting or updating are filled in your model ( $fillable ) or not guarded ( $guarded ). Otherwise, you'll get mass assignment exceptions.

  • Timestamps : Both methods respect Laravel's automatic timestamp handling by default. But if you're manually managing timestamps, remember to include them if needed.

  • Performance considerations : These methods are convenient, but they still run two queries under the hood (select insert or update). For bulk operations, consider alternatives like raw SQL or batch processing.

  • Events are fired : Both created and updated model events are triggered accordingly, so any listeners or observers will behave as expected.

If you're dealing with large datasets or high-performance scenarios, test how these methods behave under load before assuming they'll scale automatically.


That's basically how these two methods work in practice. They simplify logic that would otherwise require more conditions and separate queries. Just keep in mind the subtle differences between them and handle field permissions and performance wisely.

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