The key to improving user experience in CSS animation is to choose transition and @keyframes reasonably. 1. Transition is suitable for simple state changes, such as button hover effect, which is achieved by defining attributes, duration, delay and speed curves; 2. @keyframes is suitable for complex animation sequences, such as loading animations, controlling the state of elements at different time points through multiple keyframes. Usage tips include: prioritizing the use of transform and opacity to improve performance, ensuring the initial consistency is consistent with the target state, and setting the ease function reasonably. Frequently asked questions: enable hardware acceleration in a timely manner and reduce nesting, check the property name and initial value when the transition is not effective, and repeat animation playback can be controlled through infinite parameters or JavaScript. Mastering these foundations can achieve rich interaction effects.

CSS animation is one of the important means to improve user experience in web design. Using transitions and @keyframes , we can create smooth, natural visuals. The following will introduce several key points from the perspective of practical application.

How to choose transition and @keyframes

transition is suitable for simple state changes , such as changes in color or size when a button is hovered. It controls animation by defining attributes, duration, delay, and speed curves. For example:

 button {
  transition: background-color 0.3s ease, transform 0.2s linear;
}

@keyframes is more suitable for complex animation sequences , such as loading animations, icon deformation, etc. You can control the state of an element at different points in time by defining multiple keyframes:

 @keyframes spin {
  0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  100% { transform: rotate(360deg); }
}

• If only transitions between two states are needed, priority is given to transition
• Multiple intermediate states or loop animations, it is more suitable to use @keyframes

Usage tips: Make animation more natural

Avoid changing multiple complex properties at the same time . For example, transitioning width , height and transform at the same time may cause performance problems. It is recommended to use transform and opacity as much as possible, as they are more GPU-friendly.

Pay attention to the consistency between the initial state and the end state . If you want an element to start animation after the page is loaded, make sure that its initial state (such as opacity: 0 ) and target state (such as opacity: 1 ) can trigger the transition correctly.

Set the ease function reasonably . The default ease is already good, but sometimes you may need a more "bounce" effect, you can try custom curves like cubic-bezier(.175, .885, .32, 1.275) .

Frequently Asked Questions and Solutions

Animation stuttering?

• Check if too many multi-paint/reflow properties are used (such as width , top )
• Try setting the animation element will-change: transform or translateZ(0) to enable hardware acceleration
• Reduce animation hierarchy nesting to avoid multiple animations from affecting each other

The transition does not take effect?

• Make sure that the correct transition attribute name is set (such as background-color instead of background )
• The initial value cannot be auto , for example height: auto cannot transition
• Is the method of triggering state changes correct (such as :hover , class switch)

Is the problem of repeating animation playback?

• Use animation: spin 1s infinite linear; to make animations loop infinitely
• If you want to play again every click, you can remove it through JavaScript and add the class name to achieve it

Basically these common situations. After mastering the basics, you can combine transition and @keyframes according to specific needs to create richer interactive effects.

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