Java中的枚舉（enum）是一種特殊的類，用于表示固定數(shù)量的常量值。1. 使用enum關鍵字定義；2. 每個枚舉值都是該枚舉類型的公共靜態(tài)最終實例；3. 可以包含字段、構造函數(shù)和方法，為每個常量添加行為；4. 可在switch語句中使用，支持直接比較，并提供name()、ordinal()、values()和valueOf()等內置方法；5. 枚舉可提升代碼的類型安全性、可讀性和靈活性，適用于狀態(tài)碼、顏色或星期等有限集合場景。
Enums in Java are a special type of class that represent a fixed number of constant values. They're commonly used when you have a variable that should only hold one of a small set of possible values—like days of the week, colors, or status codes.
How to Define an Enum
You define an enum using the enum keyword. Here's a basic example:
public enum Day {
MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, SUNDAY
}Each value (like MONDAY, TUESDAY, etc.) is an instance of the Day enum. Behind the scenes, Java creates a class that extends java.lang.Enum, so enums come with some built-in methods.
Some key points:
- Enums can be declared outside or inside a class, but not inside a method.
- Each enum constant is implicitly
public static final.
Common Uses of Enums
Enums are more than just named constants. You can add fields, constructors, and methods to them.
For example, let’s say you want each day to have a "type":
public enum Day {
MONDAY("Weekday"),
TUESDAY("Weekday"),
WEDNESDAY("Weekday"),
THURSDAY("Weekday"),
FRIDAY("Weekday"),
SATURDAY("Weekend"),
SUNDAY("Weekend");
private String type;
Day(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
}Now, each day has additional behavior. This makes enums very useful for grouping related constants with shared logic.
Working with Enums in Code
You can use enums in switch statements, compare them directly, and get their names or ordinal positions.
Here’s how you might use it:
Day today = Day.MONDAY;
System.out.println(today); // Output: MONDAY
System.out.println(today.getType()); // Output: Weekday
if (today.getType().equals("Weekend")) {
System.out.println("Time to relax!");
} else {
System.out.println("Time to work.");
}Useful methods you'll often see:
-
name()– returns the name of the enum constant. -
ordinal()– returns the position in the enum declaration (starts at 0). -
values()– returns an array of all enum constants. -
valueOf(String)– returns the enum constant matching the given name.
Enums give you a clean way to model fixed sets of related data. They’re type-safe, readable, and flexible enough to handle many real-world scenarios without needing extra classes or constants.基本上就這些。
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