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Table of Contents
Common uses and why packaging classes are used
Automatic packing and unboxing
Common methods are given as an example
Home Java javaTutorial What are the different wrapper classes?

What are the different wrapper classes?

Jun 25, 2025 pm 05:02 PM
java Packaging

The wrapper class in Java encapsulates the basic data type into an object, so that the basic type has object characteristics. Its core uses include: 1. Used for collection frameworks (such as ArrayList, HashMap storage objects); 2. Provide practical methods (such as Integer.parseInt); 3. Support null values ??to represent "no value" state; 4. Used in generics. Java 5 supports automatic boxing and unboxing, but attention should be paid to null pointer exceptions and performance overhead. Common methods include string conversion, obtaining maximum/minimum value, converting to strings and comparing operations, etc., which are commonly found in set operations, generic programming and potentially empty data processing scenarios.

What are the different wrapper classes?

Wrapper Classes in Java are classes used to encapsulate basic data types into objects. Simply put, they allow basic types to have the characteristics of objects, such as methods that can be passed as parameters to methods that require objects, methods that can be called, etc.

Java provides a corresponding wrapper class for each basic data type:

  • byteByte
  • shortShort
  • intInteger
  • longLong
  • floatFloat
  • doubleDouble
  • charCharacter
  • booleanBoolean

These classes are all in the java.lang package, so they can be used without additional import.


Common uses and why packaging classes are used

Java collection classes (such as ArrayList and HashMap ) can only store objects and cannot directly store basic types. At this time, you need to use packaging.

For example:

 ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(10); // Automatic boxing, turning int into Integer

In addition to compatible with the collection framework, the packaging class can also:

  • Provide some practical methods, such as string to value: Integer.parseInt("123")
  • Supports null values, indicating a state of "no value" (the basic type cannot be null)
  • Use in generics because generics do not support basic types

Automatic packing and unboxing

Starting with Java 5, Autoboxing and Unboxing are introduced, which simplifies conversion between basic types and wrapper classes.

  • Packing : Basic Type → Packaging

     Integer a = 100; // Automatic boxing
  • Unboxing : Packaging Class → Basic Type

     int b = a; // Automatic unboxing

Although convenient, potential issues need to be paid attention to:

  • Null pointer exception: If the wrapper class is null , NullPointerException will be thrown when unboxing
  • Performance overhead: Frequent packing/unboxing can affect performance, especially in large quantities of calculations or loops

Common methods are given as an example

Taking the Integer class as an example, other wrapper classes also have similar methods:

  • Convert a string to an integer:

     int num = Integer.parseInt("123");
  • Get the maximum value and minimum value:

     int max = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
    int min = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
  • Convert to string:

     String s = Integer.toString(456);
  • Compare two integers:

     int result = Integer.compare(10, 20); // Return -1, 0 or 1

    Basically that's it. Packaging classes may seem simple, but are very common in actual development, especially when it comes to collection operations, generic programming, and processing of potentially empty data. Mastering their usage and precautions is very helpful for writing Java code well.

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