


How can v-model be used for two-way data binding on custom components in Vue?
Jun 06, 2025 am 11:41 AMTo use v-model to implement two-way binding of custom components in Vue, you must first understand its working mechanism. For custom components, you need: 1. Receive a prop named modelValue; 2. Trigger an event named update:modelValue. By default,
In Vue, using v-model
for two-way data binding on custom components is straightforward once you understand how it works under the hood. By default, v-model
on a native input element does two things: it binds the input's value to a piece of data (like value
) and emits an event (like input
) when the value changes. For custom components, you just need to mimic this behavior.
How v-model
Works with Custom Components
When you use v-model
on a custom component like this:
<CustomInput v-model="message" />
Vue translates it into:
<CustomInput :modelValue="message" @update:modelValue="message = $event" />
So in your component, you need to:
- Accept a prop named
modelValue
- Emit an event named
update:modelValue
with the new value
Here's a simple example inside a component:
<template> <input :value="modelValue" @input="$emit('update:modelValue', $event.target.value)" /> </template> <script> export default { props: ['modelValue'], model: { prop: 'modelValue', event: 'update:modelValue' } } </script>
This setup allows your custom component to work seamlessly with v-model
.
Handling Different Prop/Event Names
If you don't want to use modelValue
and update:modelValue
, you can customize the names by updating the model
option in your component. This is useful if your component represents something other than a generic input — say, a toggle switch or a slider.
For example:
model: { prop: 'checked', event: 'change' }
Now your component expects a checked
prop and emits a change
event instead of the defaults. When someone uses v-model
on your component, it will automatically map to these names.
Using v-model
with Multiple Bindings
Vue 3 allows multiple v-model
s on a single component by using argument syntax. For example:
<CustomForm v-model:title="pageTitle" v-model:content="pageContent" />
Inside the component, you define both title
and content
as props and emit corresponding update:title
and update:content
events.
This feature makes it easy to bind multiple pieces of data without having to create a more complex API for your component.
Tips for Working with v-model
in Custom Components
- Always make sure your component accepts the correct prop (
modelValue
by default) and emits the right event (update:modelValue
) - If you're supporting older versions of Vue (like Vue 2), you'll need to use
.sync
modifiers or manually wire up the prop/event pair - You can combine
v-model
with other props/events without conflict - Use clear naming conventions when using multiple
v-model
s to avoid confusion
Basically that's it. Once you get the pattern down, it becomes second nature — and it opens up a lot of flexibility when building reusable UI components.
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