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How does PHP's match expression (PHP 8.0 ) differ from a switch statement?
How does PHP's match expression (PHP 8.0 ) differ from a switch statement?
Jun 04, 2025 pm 04:29 PM
There are three main differences between the match expressions in PHP 8.0 and switch statements: 1. match is a return value for expressions, and the syntax is more concise and does not require break; 2. match uses strict comparison (===), switch uses loose comparison (==); 3. match supports multi-value merging and expression return, but does not support shared branch logic. Therefore, when clear assignment and strict comparison are required, match is preferred, and switch is still used when shared logic or flexible process control is required.
PHP 8.0 introduces match expressions as a modern addition to traditional switch statements. Although they are somewhat similar in functionality, they both match different branches to execute code based on a certain value, there are obvious differences in behavior, syntax and usage scenarios.
A simpler syntax and return value mechanism
The most intuitive change match is that it has a more compact syntax and it is an expression , meaning it can return a value. switch is a statement and cannot be assigned directly to variables.
// Use match expression $result = match($x) {
1 => 'one',
2 => 'two',
default => 'other'
};
// Compare switch statement switch ($x) {
case 1:
$result = 'one';
break;
case 2:
$result = 'two';
break;
default:
$result = 'other';
}-
matchdoes not need to writebreakper branch, nor does it "penetrate" -
=>The return value can be directly followed, and there is no need to write assignment statements andbreak
Precise comparison vs loose comparison
This is one of the most critical differences:
match uses strict comparison (===) , while switch uses loose comparison (==)
For example:
$x = '2';
match($x) {
2 => 'matched', // will not match default => 'not matched'
}; In the above example, since '2' !== 2 , the first branch will not be entered.
And with switch :
switch ($x) {
case 2:
echo 'matched'; // It will match here} Because switch will perform type conversion when comparing, '2' == 2 is true.
This is especially important to note, especially when data obtained from a database or form is usually of string type, it will affect the matching result.
Supports multi-condition merge and expression return
Although match does not support multiple case falling to the same branch like switch , it can map multiple values ??to the same result in an array:
$result = match($status) {
'published', 'approved' => 'Active',
'draft' => 'Pending',
default => 'Unknown'
};Additionally, each branch can return more complex expressions, such as function calls or operations:
$result = match($type) {
'add' => $a $b,
'sub' => $a - $b,
default => throw new Exception('Invalid type')
};Recommended usage and applicable scenarios
If you wish:
- Write clearer and less error-prone branch logic
- Use strict comparison to avoid hidden dangers caused by automatic type conversion
- Assign branch results directly to variables
That should prioritize match .
And if you need:
- Multiple cases share a piece of logic (with break control process)
- More flexible control structures, such as fall-through (deliberately not writing break)
It's more appropriate to use switch .
In general, match is not about replacing switch completely, but rather provides a more modern and safer option. After understanding the differences between the two, you can choose the most suitable tool according to actual needs. Basically that's it.
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