Oracle database file types include: Data file (.dbf): storing actual data. Control file (.ctl): Records the key information of the database. Redo log file (.redo): logs for database modification operations. Parameter file (init.ora/spfile.ora): Define database parameters. Archive log file (.arc): Remake backup of log files. Temporary file (.tmp): used to store intermediate results. Understanding these file types is crucial for database management and tuning, and requires more learning, practice and continuous accumulation of experience.

Oracle database file type detailed explanation: A veteran's nagging

What file types do you ask about Oracle database? Alas, this question is a good question. It seems simple, but it is actually rich in content. If you accidentally fall into the pit. I also suffered a lot back then, and now I will share with you my experiences and lessons so that you can avoid taking any detours.

Let's talk about the overall view first

The file type of Oracle database is to put it bluntly different types of files created by the database to store data, control information, logs, etc. They each perform their duties and are indispensable. Understanding these file types is crucial to the management and tuning of the database. If you want to become a database expert, you must be familiar with this part of your knowledge.

Data file (.dbf)

This thing is the highlight, storing your actual data. A database can have multiple data files, which can improve performance and facilitate management. Each data file corresponds to one or more tablespaces in the database. Choosing appropriate tablespaces and data file organization methods will have a huge impact on performance. I have seen many people suffer from poor database performance and even crashes due to unreasonable data file planning. Remember, it is very important to plan the size and quantity of data files reasonably! Don't just get a giant file from the beginning, it will be very troublesome to adjust it later.

Control file (.ctl)

This file is the "id card" of the database, which records the key information of the database, such as the location, name, database name, etc. of the data file. It's like a map that tells the database where to find the data. There is only one control file, so don't lose it. If you lose it, the database will be scrapped, and it is quite difficult to recover. Backing up control files is as important as backing up your "ID card"!

Redo log file (.redo)

This is the "safe" of the database, recording the log of all the database modification operations. In case the database hangs, you can use these logs to restore data to ensure data security. Redo log files usually have multiple groups and are used in turn to ensure the continuity of logs. The setting of log file size also needs to be adjusted according to the database load. If the settings are too small, it will easily lead to frequent log switching and affect performance; if the settings are too large, it will waste disk space. This requires experience and practice to accumulate.

Parameter file (init.ora or spfile.ora)

This is equivalent to the database's "configuration file", which defines various parameters of the database, such as memory size, number of processes, etc. init.ora is a text file, and spfile.ora is a binary file. The latter is safer and less likely to be modified by mistake. After modifying the parameter file, the database needs to be restarted before it can take effect. The adjustment of this part of the parameters has a huge impact on the performance of the database and requires careful operation. It is best to test it first and then apply it to the production environment. Don’t make random changes. If you make mistakes, the database may go on strike.

Archive log file (.arc)

This is a backup of redo log files for long-term data recovery. Generally speaking, archive log files are optional, but for important databases, it is highly recommended to enable archive logging function. It's like adding a lock to your "safe" with an extra layer of protection. Archive log files have a large storage space, and it is necessary to plan the storage space reasonably.

Temporary file (.tmp)

When the database performs sorting, connecting, etc., it uses temporary files to store intermediate results. Temporary files are generally created and deleted automatically and do not require manual management. However, if the temporary file space is insufficient, the database operation will fail. Therefore, we should also pay attention to the size of the temporary table space.

Other documents

In addition to the above main file types, there are some other files, such as tracking files, audit files, etc. These files are mainly used for database monitoring and management.

My experience

There is no shortcut to database file management, only continuous learning and practice. Read more official documents, read more excellent cases, and do more experiments to truly master these knowledge. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. Learning from mistakes is the fastest way to make progress. Remember, database management is a process of continuous learning, and only by continuous learning can we keep up with the pace of technology. Finally, I wish you a smooth and smooth database management journey!

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