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How to Create a Fixed Header and Fixed First Column Table Using Only CSS?
How to Create a Fixed Header and Fixed First Column Table Using Only CSS?
Dec 17, 2024 am 08:48 AM
How to Create a Table with a Fixed Header and Fixed Column Using Only CSS
Problem
In an effort to display data in an organized manner, you're aiming to create an HTML table that features both a fixed header and a fixed first column. Yet, your exploration has uncovered a range of solutions that depend on JavaScript or jQuery, introducing potential drawbacks on mobile browsers due to less-than-ideal scrolling behavior. Hence, your pursuit now centers on finding a pure CSS solution.
Solution
Fortunately, the position: sticky property, supported in modern versions of Chrome, Firefox, and Edge, offers a way to achieve the desired behavior. You can combine it with overflow: scroll property to create a dynamic table with fixed header and column elements.
Steps
- Container: Begin by placing your table inside a parent div and applying overflow: scroll to the div, thereby enabling scrolling.
- Header and Column Stickiness: Leverage the position: sticky property along with top, right, or left values to specify which edges the table elements should adhere to.
- First Column Header Stickiness: Utilize the property thead th:first-child to ensure that the first column's header remains fixed to the left edge.
Example
HTML Markup:
<div class="container">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>headheadhead</th>
<th>headheadhead</th>
<th>headheadhead</th>
<th>headheadhead</th>
<th>headheadhead</th>
<th>headheadhead</th>
<th>headheadhead</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>head</th>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>head</th>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>head</th>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>head</th>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>head</th>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>head</th>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
<td>body</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
CSS:
div {
max-width: 400px;
max-height: 150px;
overflow: scroll;
}
thead th {
position: -webkit-sticky; /* for Safari */
position: sticky;
top: 0;
}
tbody th {
position: -webkit-sticky; /* for Safari */
position: sticky;
left: 0;
}
thead th:first-child {
left: 0;
z-index: 2;
}
thead th {
background: #000;
color: #FFF;
z-index: 1;
}
tbody th {
background: #FFF;
border-right: 1px solid #CCC;
box-shadow: 1px 0 0 0 #ccc;
}
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
}
td,
th {
padding: 0.5em;
}
This implementation allows you to scroll both vertically and horizontally while keeping the header and first column in place, providing an improved user experience for viewing tabular data.
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