In Go programs, it is crucial to use Prometheus to monitor performance indicators: install the Prometheus tool. Create MetricsHandler using Prometheus client library. Use the promhttp module to create an HTTP Server to handle requests. Use Prometheus.Register() to register metrics. Use NewTimer() and ObserveDuration() to track request latency. Access the Prometheus web UI to visualize performance metrics.

Using Prometheus to monitor Go program performance metrics

It is crucial to monitor performance metrics in Go applications to quickly identify and Resolve bottlenecks that may impact performance. Prometheus is a popular open source tool that helps us achieve this kind of monitoring. Through this article, we will learn how to use Prometheus to monitor the performance indicators of Go programs and use real cases to illustrate.

Installing and Configuring Prometheus

1. Install Prometheus on your system:

   wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.39.3/prometheus-2.39.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
   tar -xzvf prometheus-2.39.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz

2. Start Prometheus service:

   cd prometheus-2.39.3.linux-amd64
   ./prometheus

Create Prometheus client

1. Install Prometheus client in your Go program:

   go get github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus
   go get github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promhttp

2. Create a MetricsHandler:

   package main
   
   import (
    "log"
    "net/http"
    "time"
   
    "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
    "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promhttp"
   )
   
   const (
    // RequestDuration defines the prometheus metric to track the time elapsed
    // for the handling of incoming requests
    RequestDuration = "http_server_request_duration_seconds"
   )
   
   var requestDuration = prometheus.NewHistogram(prometheus.HistogramOpts{
    Name: RequestDuration,
    Help: "HTTP server request duration in seconds.",
    Buckets: []float64{0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1},
   })
   
   func main() {
    // Register the RequestDuration metric
    prometheus.Register(requestDuration)
   
    // Create a new HTTP Server with a MetricsHandler
    http.Handle("/metrics", promhttp.Handler())
    http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        timer := prometheus.NewTimer(requestDuration.WithLabelValues(r.URL.Path))
        defer timer.ObserveDuration()
        time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
    })
   
    // Start the server
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
   }

3. Start the Go program:

   go run main.go

Visualize performance Metrics

1. Open Prometheus Web UI: http://localhost:9090
2. Switch to the "Graphs" tab and select the "http_server_request_duration_seconds" metric.

Best Practices

• Use meaningful metric names and help information.
• Monitor multiple metrics in a published application.
• Set alarm rules to detect performance issues in real time.
• Use visualization tools such as Grafana to create dashboards.

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