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How to sort by a custom order in SQL
Use CASE expressions to implement custom sorting in SQL. 1. Use ORDERBY and CASE to assign sorting weights to each value, which is suitable for all mainstream databases; 2. Use FIELD() function to simplify the syntax in MySQL, but the values ??that are not in the list need to be processed; 3. It is recommended to use ARRAY_POSITION() instead of POSITION() in PostgreSQL to avoid matching errors; 4. For frequently used sorting logic, it is easier to maintain for creating mapping tables and associated queries. This method ensures that the custom order takes effect accurately and supports multi-column sorting and outlier processing, ultimately achieving flexible and reliable sorting results.
Sep 09, 2025 am 02:55 AM
How to disable a trigger in SQL?
InSQLServer,useDISABLETRIGGERtrigger_nameONtable_nametodisableatrigger;2.MySQLlacksdirectsupport,souseauser-definedvariableflaginthetriggerlogicordropandrecreatethetrigger;3.InPostgreSQL,useALTERTABLEtable_nameDISABLETRIGGERtrigger_name;4.InOracle,us
Sep 09, 2025 am 02:45 AM
SQL Server Change Data Capture (CDC) Implementation
To enable SQLServerCDC, follow the steps. First, confirm the version support, and then enable it for the database and table respectively. When querying change data, use built-in functions and LSN ranges. Cleaning up data can be done with default or custom policies. 1. Enable CDC: USEYourDatabaseName; EXECsys.sp_cdc_enable_db; and then enable: EXECsys.sp_cdc_enable_table@source_schema='dbo',@source_name='YourTableName'; 2. Query change: Use cdc.fn_cdc_get_all_chang
Sep 09, 2025 am 02:42 AM
How to concatenate strings in SQL
The use of the CONCAT function is the safest string splicing method across databases. It can automatically treat NULL values ??as empty string processing; this function is supported in MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLServer, Oracle and SQLite; PostgreSQL, Oracle and SQLite also support splicing using the || operator, where the result of NULL and string splicing is the string itself; SQLServer uses operators, but it should be noted that if any operand is NULL, the result is NULL, so it needs to be used with ISNULL or COALESCE functions to ensure security; in summary, in order to ensure portability and reliability of NULL value processing,
Sep 09, 2025 am 02:22 AM
How to update a table from another table in SQL
ToupdateatableusingdatafromanothertableinSQL,useaJOIN-basedUPDATEsyntaxspecifictoyourdatabasesystem:inMySQL,useUPDATEwithJOIN;inSQLServer,includetheFROMclauseafterSET;inPostgreSQL,useFROMwithWHEREtojoin;alternatively,useasubquerywithWHEREEXISTSforbro
Sep 09, 2025 am 02:21 AM
How to write a correlated subquery in SQL?
AcorrelatedsubqueryisaSQLsubquerythatdependsontheouterqueryandexecutesonceforeachrowfromtheouterquery.1.Itreferencesacolumnfromtheouterquery,typicallyintheWHERE,SELECT,orHAVINGclause,formingalinkthatmakesit"correlated."2.Example:Findemploye
Sep 09, 2025 am 01:03 AM
SQL Data Loss Prevention (DLP)
SQL Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) is a mechanism to prevent sensitive data such as user information and transaction records in the database from being illegally accessed, exported or deleted. The core lies in controlling internal permissions, identifying data flow, and discovering abnormal operations. 1. SQLDLP is a complete set of mechanisms, including identifying sensitive data, controlling access rights, monitoring data export behavior, automatic alarm or blocking abnormal operations; 2. Implementation methods include data classification and tagging, access control (RBAC/ABAC), database audit, real-time monitoring and alarm, and data desensitization; 3. When deploying, pay attention to policy flexibility, log retention time, application layer control, and periodic update of sensitive data definitions; 4. Recommended tools include Microsoft SQLServer audit Dynamic data mask
Sep 08, 2025 am 06:23 AM
How to handle deadlocks in SQL?
DeadlocksinSQLoccurwhentwoormoretransactionsarewaitingforeachothertoreleaselocksonresources,creatingacyclethatpreventsanyprogress.Whiletheycan'talwaysbeavoidedcompletely,theycanbemanagedeffectively.Here’showtohandl
Sep 08, 2025 am 06:05 AM
How to add a column to an existing table in SQL?
ToaddacolumntoanexistingtableinSQL,usetheALTERTABLEstatementwiththeADDCOLUMNclause;1.Specifythetablename,2.Definethenewcolumnname,3.Assignadatatype,and4.OptionallyincludeconstraintslikeNOTNULLorDEFAULT;syntaxvariesslightlybydatabase—MySQLandPostgreSQ
Sep 08, 2025 am 05:24 AM
How to use the OVER clause with PARTITION BY in SQL
PARTITIONBYintheOVERclausedividesrowsintogroupsforwindowfunctionswithoutcollapsingthem,enablingper-rowcalculationswithincategories.ItallowswindowfunctionslikeSUM,RANK,andAVGtooperatewithindefinedpartitions(e.g.,regions),preservingalloriginalrowsandpr
Sep 08, 2025 am 05:18 AM
How to find rows that exist in one table but not another in SQL?
Themostreliablemethodstofindrowsinonetablebutnotanotherare:1.UsingLEFTJOINwithISNULL,whichreturnsallrowsfromthelefttablewherenomatchexistsintherighttable;2.UsingNOTEXISTS,whichiseffectiveforcorrelatedsubqueriesandhandlesNULLsbetter;3.UsingNOTINcautio
Sep 08, 2025 am 04:44 AM
How to rename a table in SQL
To rename SQL tables, different syntaxes need to be used according to the database system: 1. In MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQLite, use ALTERTABLEold_table_nameRENAMETOnew_table_name; 2. In SQLServer, use EXECsp_rename'old_table_name','new_table_name'; before the operation, you need to ensure that you have appropriate permissions, check and update dependent objects such as views or stored procedures. It is recommended to test and back up the data in the development environment before executing to avoid production environment problems.
Sep 08, 2025 am 04:37 AM
How to trim whitespace from a string in SQL
UseTRIM()toremovebothleadingandtrailingwhitespace,LTRIM()forleadingonly,andRTRIM()fortrailingonly;thesefunctionsarewidelysupportedinPostgreSQL,MySQL,Oracle,SQLServer(2017 ),andrecentSQLite,withSQLServerbefore2017requiringLTRIM(RTRIM())andsomedatabase
Sep 08, 2025 am 01:36 AM
How to use the ROW_NUMBER function in SQL
ROW_NUMBER()assignsauniquesequentialnumbertoeachrowwithinaresultsetbasedonthespecifiedorder,anditcanalsorestartnumberingwithingroupsusingPARTITIONBY.1.Toassignsequentialnumberstoallrows,useROW_NUMBER()OVER(ORDERBYcolumn)torankrowsuniquely,evenwithdup
Sep 08, 2025 am 01:33 AM
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