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Technical Articles

Database

Oracle

Difference between procedure and function in Oracle

The function must return a value, used for calculation and return the result, and can be used in SQL statements; 2. The process does not directly return the value, and is used for performing operations, and can return multiple values through the OUT parameter, but cannot be used directly in SQL; 3. The function is called in expressions, and the process is called as an independent statement; 4. The function needs to declare the return type and use the RETURN statement, and the process does not need to return a type; 5. Both can use IN, OUT, and INOUT parameters, but functions are usually only used to return a single value, and the process is more suitable for handling multi-value output and business operations. Therefore, functions should be used when a return value is needed and used for expressions or SQL, and procedures should be used when an operation such as data modification or output processing is needed.

Jul 29, 2025 am 02:13 AM

How to get the last day of the month in Oracle?

To get the last day of the month in Oracle, you should use the LAST_DAY function; 1. Use LAST_DAY(SYSDATE) to get the last day of the current month, for example, return 31-OCT-2024; 2. You can combine the specific date such as LAST_DAY(DATE'2024-02-01') to return 29-FEB-2024; 3. It can be used for date columns in the table, such as SELECTorder_date, LAST_DAY(order_date)FROMorders; 4. It can be used for filtering the end of the month data, calculating the last day of the previous month, or summarizing reports by month; this function automatically handles the differences in leap years and the number of days of each month, without worrying about the boundary situation, it is simple to use

Jul 29, 2025 am 02:10 AM

How to start and stop Oracle database on Linux?

SwitchtotheoracleuserandsetORACLE_SID,ORACLE_HOME,andPATHenvironmentvariables.2.Usesqlplus/assysdbatoaccessSQLPlus,thenrunSHUTDOWNIMMEDIATEtostopthedatabaseorSTARTUPtostartit,whichinitializestheinstance,mountsthedatabase,andopensitforusers.3.Optional

Jul 29, 2025 am 01:43 AM

oracle linux

How to unlock a user account in Oracle?

First check the user account status: SELECTusername,account_status,lock_dateFROMdba_usersWHEREusername='SCOTT'; 2. Use the ALTERUSERSCOTTACCOUNTUNLOCK; command to unlock the account; 3. Optionally reset the password when unlocking: ALTERUSERSCOTTIDENTIFIEDBYnew_passwordACCOUNTUNLOCK; 4. Optionally adjust the failed login limit in the configuration file: ALTERPROFILEDEFAULTLIMITFAILED_LOGIN_ATT

Jul 29, 2025 am 12:19 AM

How to connect to an Oracle database from Python?

Installcx_OracleviapipandOracleInstantClient,addingittoPATH.2.Usecx_Oracle.connect()withusername,password,andDSNcreatedviamakedsn()orEasyConnectsyntaxtoestablishconnection.3.Executequeriesusingacursor,optionallywithparameterizedinputsforsecurity.4.Fo

Jul 28, 2025 am 03:44 AM

How to create a user in Oracle and grant privileges?

Connect to users with DBA permissions; 2. Use the CREATEUSER command to create users and specify necessary parameters; 3. Grant system permissions such as CREATESSION, CREATETABLE, etc. or use CONNECT and RESOURCE roles; 4. Grant additional permissions such as CREATEPROCEDURE or UNLIMITEDTABLESPACE as needed; 5. Optionally grant object permissions to other user objects; 6. Verify user login, the entire process needs to ensure that it is executed in the correct container and follow the principle of minimum permissions, use a strong password policy, and finally complete Oracle user creation and permission allocation.

Jul 28, 2025 am 03:43 AM

oracle Create user

Oracle APEX tutorial for beginners

OracleAPEX is a low-code development platform based on Oracle databases, which can quickly build secure enterprise-level web applications; 2. Beginners recommend using apex.oracle.com for free trial, no need to install, you can log in after registering; 3. When creating the first application, create tables (such as EMPLOYEES), automatically generate forms and interactive reports; 4. Familiar with core interfaces such as navigator, page designer, attribute panel, etc. in APEXBuilder; 5. Master the basic concepts of workspace, applications, pages, areas, items, processing and verification; 6. To improve skills, you need to learn SQL/PLSQL, dynamic actions, shared components and chart dashboards; 7. It is recommended to start from simple

Jul 28, 2025 am 03:26 AM

tutorial

What is the difference between a schema and a user in Oracle?

Auserisanaccountusedforlogginginandauthentication,whileaschemaisalogicalcontainerfordatabaseobjectsownedbythatuser.2.Whenauseriscreated,Oracleautomaticallycreatesacorrespondingschemawiththesamename.3.Userscanloginandhaveprivileges,butschemascannotlog

Jul 28, 2025 am 02:19 AM

oracle database

How to find the Oracle SID?

RunSELECTINSTANCE_NAMEFROMV$INSTANCE;ifyoucanconnecttothedatabase,asitdirectlyreturnstheOracleSID.2.ChecktheORACLE_SIDenvironmentvariableonthedatabaseserverbyrunningecho$ORACLE_SIDastheOracleuser.3.Examinethelistener.orafileandlocatetheSID_NAMEvalueu

Jul 27, 2025 am 02:06 AM

What is a stored procedure in Oracle?

AstoredprocedureinOracleisanamed,reusableblockofPL/SQLcodestoredinthedatabasetoperformspecifictasks.1.Theyimproveperformancebybeingcompiledonceandexecutedmultipletimes.2.Theyenhancereusabilityastheycanbecalledfromvariousapplicationsorcodeblocks.3.The

Jul 27, 2025 am 01:43 AM

oracle stored procedure

How to get the current date in Oracle?

TogetthecurrentdateandtimeinOracle,usetheSYSDATEfunction.1.SELECTSYSDATEFROMdualreturnsthecurrentdateandtimeintheformatDD-MON-YYYYHH24:MI:SS.2.UseTRUNC(SYSDATE)togetonlythedatepart,resultinginmidnightofthecurrentday.3.CURRENT_DATEdiffersfromSYSDATEby

Jul 27, 2025 am 01:37 AM

How to check Oracle database version?

Run SELECT*FROMv$version; you can obtain the complete version information of the Oracle database, including the database, PL/SQL, core library, etc. version details, which is the most commonly used reliable method for DBA; 2. Use SELECTbannerFROMv$versionWHEREbannerLIKE'Oracle%'; you can only display the main version information of the Oracle database; 3. Query the PRODUCT_COMPONENT_VERSION view to get the version of each Oracle component; 4. Through the sqlplus-V command, you can view the client or server tool version without logging into the database, but it may not reflect the actual running

Jul 26, 2025 am 07:19 AM

What is the listener.ora file in Oracle?

Thelistener.orafileisessentialforconfiguringtheOracleNetListenertoacceptandrouteclientconnectionrequests;itdefineslisteningaddressesandports,specifiesdatabaseservicesviastaticregistration,andsetslistenerparameterslikeloggingandtracing;locatedin$ORACL

Jul 26, 2025 am 05:30 AM

How to find and delete duplicate rows in an Oracle table?

Tofindduplicates,useGROUPBYwithHAVINGCOUNT(*)>1toidentifyduplicatecombinationsofspecifiedcolumns;2.Todeleteduplicateswhilekeepingonecopy,useDELETEwithasubquerythatselectsMIN(ROWID)foreachgrouporuseROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITIONBYcolumnsORDERBYROWID)an

Jul 26, 2025 am 03:21 AM