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Map 是一種無序的鍵值對的集合。Map 最重要的一點是通過 key 來快速檢索數(shù)據(jù),key 類似于索引,指向數(shù)據(jù)的值。
Map 是一種集合,所以我們可以像迭代數(shù)組和切片那樣迭代它。不過,Map 是無序的,我們無法決定它的返回順序,這是因為 Map 是使用 hash 表來實現(xiàn)的。
可以使用內(nèi)建函數(shù) make 也可以使用 map 關(guān)鍵字來定義 Map:
var map_variable map[key_data_type]value_data_type map_variable = make(map[key_data_type]value_data_type)
如果不初始化 map,那么就會創(chuàng)建一個 nil map。nil map 不能用來存放鍵值對
下面實例演示了創(chuàng)建和使用map:
package main import "fmt" func main() { var countryCapitalMap map[string]string countryCapitalMap = make(map[string]string) countryCapitalMap["France"] = "Paris" countryCapitalMap["Italy"] = "Rome" countryCapitalMap["Japan"] = "Tokyo" countryCapitalMap["India"] = "New Delhi" for country := range countryCapitalMap { fmt.Println("Capital of",country,"is",countryCapitalMap[country]) } captial, ok := countryCapitalMap["United States"] if(ok){ fmt.Println("Capital of United States is", captial) }else { fmt.Println("Capital of United States is not present") } }
以上實例運行結(jié)果為:
Capital of France is Paris Capital of Italy is Rome Capital of Japan is Tokyo Capital of India is New Delhi Capital of United States is not present
delete() 函數(shù)用于刪除集合的元素, 參數(shù)為 map 和其對應的 key。實例如下:
package main import "fmt" func main() { countryCapitalMap := map[string] string {"France":"Paris","Italy":"Rome","Japan":"Tokyo","India":"New Delhi"} fmt.Println("原始 map") for country := range countryCapitalMap { fmt.Println("Capital of",country,"is",countryCapitalMap[country]) } delete(countryCapitalMap,"France"); fmt.Println("Entry for France is deleted") fmt.Println("刪除元素后 map") for country := range countryCapitalMap { fmt.Println("Capital of",country,"is",countryCapitalMap[country]) } }
以上實例運行結(jié)果為:
原始 map Capital of France is Paris Capital of Italy is Rome Capital of Japan is Tokyo Capital of India is New Delhi Entry for France is deleted 刪除元素后 map Capital of Italy is Rome Capital of Japan is Tokyo Capital of India is New Delhi
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